Rhus verniciflua Stokes against Advanced Cancer: A Perspective from the Korean Integrative Cancer Center

Active anticancer molecules have been searched from natural products; many drugs were developed from either natural products or their derivatives following the conventional pharmaceutical paradigm of drug discovery. However, the advances in the knowledge of cancer biology have led to personalized medicine using molecular-targeted agents which create new paradigm. Clinical benefit is dependent on individual biomarker and overall survival is prolonged through cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effects to cancer cell. Therefore, a different approach is needed from the single lead compound screening model based on cytotoxicity. In our experience, the Rhus verniciflua stoke (RVS) extract traditionally used for cancer treatment is beneficial to some advanced cancer patients though it is herbal extract not single compound, and low cytotoxic in vitro. The standardized RVS extract's action mechanisms as well as clinical outcomes are reviewed here. We hope that these preliminary results would stimulate different investigation in natural products from conventional chemicals

Capillary force lithography with impermeable molds

Capillary force lithography (CFL) with impermeable mold is presented. For the CFL to be operative over large area, either the mold or the substrate has to be flexible. With a silicon wafer mold and a flexible substrate, a repeated line and space pattern with a spacing of 30 nm is shown to be well patterned. With a flexible mold and a hard substrate, a similar pattern with a spacing of 60 nm is demonstrated by CFL. The flexibility is needed for the intimate contact that is required between the mold and the substrate for the capillarity to take hold over large area. The forte of CFL with impermeable mold lies in the fact that the driving force for the patterning, which is capillary force, increases with decreasing pattern size.This work was supported by the Korea Foundation Grant funded by MOEHRD (KRF-2005-041-D00250)

Transfer Tiling of Nanostructures for Large-Area Fabrication

The fabrication of nanoscale patterns over a large area has been considered important but difficult, because there are few ways to satisfy both conditions. Previously, visually tolerable tiling (VTT) for fabricating nanopatterns for optical applications has been reported as a candidate for large area fabrication. The essence of VTT is the inevitable stitching of the nanoscale optical component, which is not seen by the naked eye if the boundary is very narrow while the tiles are overlapped. However, it had been difficult to control the shape of the spread of liquid prepolymers in the previous work, and there was room for the development of tiling. Here, we propose a method for transferring various shapes of tiles, which can be defined with a shadow mask. The method of using a transparent shadow mask can provide a wide process window, because it allows the spreading of a liquid prepolymer to be more easily controlled. We optimize the coating condition of a liquid prepolymer and the ultraviolet (UV) exposure time. Using this method, we can attach tiles of various shapes without a significant visible trace in the overlapped region

사출 성형 이산 공정 변수와 멀티 센서 데이터 해석을 통한 기계 부품 마모도 진단

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사출성형 공정 이상감지를 위한 신호 급변동성을 고려한 주성분 변환

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Estimating System State through Similarity Analysis of Signal Patterns

State prediction is not straightforward, particularly for complex systems that cannot provide sufficient amounts of training data. In particular, it is usually difficult to analyze some signal patterns for state prediction if they were observed in both normal and fault-states with a similar frequency or if they were rarely observed in any system state. In order to estimate the system status with imbalanced state data characterized insufficient fault occurrences, this paper proposes a state prediction method that employs discrete state vectors (DSVs) for pattern extraction and then applies a naive Bayes classifier and Brier scores to interpolate untrained pattern information by using the trained ones probabilistically. Each Brier score is transformed into a more intuitive one, termed state prediction power (SPP). The SPP values represent the reliability of the system state prediction. A state prediction power map, which visualizes the DSVs and corresponding SPP values, is provided a more intuitive way of state prediction analysis. A case study using a car engine fault simulator was conducted to generate artificial engine knocking. The proposed method was evaluated using holdout cross-validation, defining specificity and sensitivity as indicators to represent state prediction success rates for no-fault and fault states, respectively. The results show that specificity and sensitivity are very high (equal to 1) for high limit values of SPP, but drop off dramatically for lower limit values

Simple Fabrication of Asymmetric High-Aspect-Ratio Polymer Nanopillars by Reusable AAO Templates

We present a simple method of utilizing anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) as a reproducible template for fabricating high-aspect-ratio uniformly bent polymeric nanopillars that can be used as a physical adhesive. It is shown how to achieve straight high-aspect-ratio nanopillars with concepts of the work of adhesion and lateral collapse between polymer pillars without serious damage to the master template. With the support of manufacturing polymeric nanopillars from the reusable AAO, a simple route to asymmetric dry adhesive nanopillars bent by residual stresses was demonstrated

Fabrication of a hierarchical structure by oxygen plasma etching of a photocured microstructure containing a silicon moiety

We present a simple and straightforward method for creating a hierarchical structure in which the nanoscale roughness is derived from a microstructure. This hierarchical structure is at the backbone of almost all biomimetic functions. A liquid blend of a photocurable prepolymer and a functionalized polysiloxane is moulded by photocuring, and then the moulded film is simply exposed to a blanket oxygen plasma to produce the hierarchical structure. The nanoscale roughness is controlled by varying the weight ratio of acrylate-functionalized polysiloxane to acrylated prepolymer. To demonstrate the efficacy of the fabrication method, a superhydrophobic surface was produced by coating the hierarchical structure with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM)

Self-modulating polymer resist patterns in pressure-assisted capillary force lithography

We present pressure-assisted capillary force lithography (CFL) to generate self-modulating polymer resist patterns without residual layers and film instability. The method utilizes roof collapse of a patterned, deformable poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) mold that is placed on a thermoplastic polymer film with a constant external pressure (similar to 4 bars) and the resulting shape-variable capillary filling of a polymer melt into the reduced void space. A constraint on the coated polymer layer thickness was derived in order to ensure that there is no residual layer left after patterning and at the same time that film stability is guaranteed without film dewetting within the cavity. In addition, the height of a polymer pattern at the center of the filled void was estimated as a function of initial polymer layer thickness based on the assumption of the hemispherical shape of a meniscus and full capillary rise, which agrees well with the experimental data. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved