Induction of transforming growth factor-beta 1 by androgen is mediated by reactive oxygen species in hair follicle dermal papilla cells

The progression of androgenetic alopecia is closely related toandrogen-inducible transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 secretionby hair follicle dermal papilla cells (DPCs) in bald scalp.Physiological levels of androgen exposure were reported toincrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In thisstudy, rat vibrissae dermal papilla cells (DP-6) transfected withandrogen receptor showed increased ROS production followingandrogen treatment. We confirmed that TGF-β1 secretion isincreased by androgen treatment in DP-6, whereas androgeninducibleTGF-β1 was significantly suppressed by the ROSscavenger,N-acetyl cysteine. Therefore, we suggest that inductionof TGF-β1 by androgen is mediated by ROS in hair follicleDPCs.This study was supported by a grant from the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (Grant No. A103017) and partially by a research agreement with AmorePacific Corporation, Republic of Korea.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2013-01/102/0000045457/8SEQ:8PERF_CD:SNU2013-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000045457ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A079130DEPT_CD:801CITE_RATE:1.634FILENAME:(460-464)bmb 12-228.pdfDEPT_NM:의학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YCONFIRM:

Red Light Enhances the Antioxidant Properties and Growth of Rubus hongnoensis

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of light quality on R.hongnoensis growth, physiology, and antioxidant properties. Five light conditions were employed, including white (control), red (R), blue (B), combined LED of R, green (G), and B at 7:1:2 (RGB), as well as combined LED of R, G, B, and far-red (Fr) at 7:1:2:1 (RGBFr). R light had the greatest growth-promoting effect based on plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, and leaf area. However, leaf width and root length exhibited the greatest growth under RGB. The fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots were highest under R and RGB light. Photosynthesis was highest under RGB and lowest under B. Transpiration was highest in RGBFr. Stomatal conductance and photosynthetic water use efficiency were greatest under RGBFr. Total phenol content and radical scavenging activity were highest under R, while total flavonoid content was highest under RGB. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were upregulated under W, whereas guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity was highest under RGB. The present results suggest that, among the tested light treatments, R light was most conductive for vegetative growth and antioxidant capacity in R. hongnoensis

Fe-doped tricalcium phosphates: crystal structure and degradation behavior

β -tricalcium phosphate ( β -TCP, Ca3(PO4)2) is biodegradable ceramics with chemical and mineral compositions similar to those of bone. It is a potential candidate for bone repair surgery, and substituting the Fe ions can improve its biological behavior. In this study, we investigated the effect of Fe ions on the structural deviation and in vitro behavior of β -TCP. Fe-doped β -TCP were synthesized by the co-precipitation method, and the heat treatment temperature was set at 1100 °C. The chemical state of the Fe-doped β -TCP was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while structural analysis was carried out by Rietveld refinement using the x-ray diffraction results. Fe ions existed in both Fe ^2+ and Fe ^3+ states and occupied the Ca-(4) and Ca-(5) sites. Fe ions enhanced the degradation of β -TCP and resorption behavior onto the surface of β -TCP during the immersion test. As a result, Fe ion improves the initial cell adhesion and proliferation behavior of β -TCP

Photoaging-associated changes in epidermal proliferative cell fractions in vivo

The epidermis is a dynamic epithelium with constant renewal throughout life. Epidermal homeostasis depends on two types of proliferative cells, keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs), and transit amplifying (TA) cells. In the case of chronologic aging, levels of KSCs tend to decrease and change functionally. However, little is known about the effect of photoaging on epidermal proliferative subtype populations. The aim of this study was to validate involucrin/beta1-integrin ratio as a molecular marker of epidermal photoaging, and to investigate the effects of photoaging caused by chronic UV exposure on the proliferative subtype populations. A total of 15 male volunteers (age range 20-24 and 77-85 years, Fitzpatrick skin phototype III-IV) provided sun-exposed and sun-protected skin samples for real-time RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and immunostaining. Fractional changes in proliferative subtype populations in photoaged and chronologically aged skins were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of beta1-integrin was found to be significantly reduced in photoaged skin and ratios of the expressions of involucrin to beta1-integrin were increased 2.6-fold only in elderly subjects. Interestingly, immunostaining of the sun-exposed skins of elderly subjects showed aberrant beta1-integrin expression over the basal layer and greater numbers of Ki-67-positive cells than in sun-protected buttock skin. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the proportion of KSCs to TA cells was reversed in sun-exposed and sun-protected skins of elderly subjects. Our results suggest that KSC numbers may be lower in photoaged skin than in chronologically aged skin and could be applied to hyperplastic pattern of photoaging. These findings suggest that the epidermis of photoaged skin is impaired in terms of its proliferative potential by attempting to repair chronic UV exposure and that photoaging may be associated with alteration in the two proliferative cell fractions

Expression of androgen and estrogen receptors in human scalp mesenchymal cells in vitro

The expression levels of sex hormone receptors were identified to be different in human mesenchymal cells [dermal papilla cell (DPC), dermal sheath cell (DSC), dermal fibroblast and (DF)] from occipital scalps. Transcriptional and translational activities of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) were most intensely expressed in DPC, followed by DSC and DF. On the contrary, estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) was shown with the strongest positivity in DSC, succeeded by DPC and DF subsequently. Immunocytochemical staining showed the similar expression to previous patterns. Our results suggest that the expression levels of ER subtypes and AR may be important for the regulation of follicular mesenchymal cells in human scalp. Further studies of the interactions of hormones and receptors in human hair follicles are required to promote our understanding of the effects of sex hormones on hair biology

Vitamin C Activates Osteoblastogenesis and Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis via Wnt/β-Catenin/ATF4 Signaling Pathways

This study evaluated the effects of vitamin C on osteogenic differentiation and osteoclast formation, and the effects of vitamin C concentration on bone microstructure in ovariectomized (OVX) Wistar rats. Micro-computed tomography analysis revealed the recovery of bone mineral density and bone separation in OVX rats treated with vitamin C. Histomorphometrical analysis revealed improvements in the number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes; the osteoblast and osteoclast surface per bone surface; and bone volume in vitamin C-treated OVX rats. The vitamin C-treated group additionally displayed an increase in the expression of osteoblast differentiation genes, including bone morphogenetic protein-2, small mothers against decapentaplegic 1/5/8, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin, and type I collagen. Vitamin C reduced the expression of osteoclast differentiation genes, such as receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and cathepsin K. This study is the first to show that vitamin C can inhibit osteoporosis by promoting osteoblast formation and blocking osteoclastogenesis through the activation of wingless-type MMTV integration site family/β-catenin/activating transcription factor 4 signaling, which is achieved through the serine/threonine kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Therefore, our results suggest that vitamin C improves bone regeneration

Beneficial effects of the conditioned medium of adipose tissue-derived stem cells on human follicular cells

Background: Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) produce many kinds of growth factors including insulin-like growth factor binding protein precursors, VEGF, hepatocyte growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor and keratinocyte growth factor. These factors are documented to be related to hair growth stimulation.

Hair growth promoting effects of adipose tissue-derived stem cells

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can display multilineage plasticity and share similar characteristics with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells [1]. Moreover, ADSCs have various cytokine-secreting properties and beneficial paracrine effects on surrounding cells or tissues [2]. Recently, paracrine function is considered one of the most important therapeutic benefits of therapy using mesenchymal stem cells [3,4]. Regarding hair biology, several reports have demonstrated that growth factors from the surroundings stimulate hair growth in ex vivo and animal models [5,6].We have identified secretory factors derived from ADSCs by ELISA and proteomics previously, including IGF binding protein precursors, PDGF, KGF, HGF, VEGF, and fibronectin [7,8]. These factors are well-documented to be related to hair growth stimulation [6]. To determine whether these paracrine effects of ADSCs can promote hair growth, we investigated the effects of ADSCs on hair.This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korean government (R01- 2007-000-10491-0).Kim WS, 2008, J DERMATOL SCI, V49, P133, DOI 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.08.004PARK BS, 2008, DERMATOL SURGCai L, 2007, STEM CELLS, V25, P3234, DOI 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0388Gnecchi M, 2005, NAT MED, V11, P367, DOI 10.1038/nm0405-367Kinnaird T, 2004, CIRC RES, V94, P678, DOI 10.1161/01.RES.0000118601.37875.ACLee RH, 2004, CELL PHYSIOL BIOCHEM, V14, P311, DOI 10.1159/000080341Zuk PA, 2002, MOL BIOL CELL, V13, P4279, DOI 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0105Elliott K, 1999, J INVEST DERMATOL, V113, P873Danilenko DM, 1996, MOL MED TODAY, V2, P460LIMAT A, 1993, ARCH DERMATOL RES, V285, P205