Numerical Investigations on Wedge Control of Separation of a Missile from an Aircraft

To make the missile safely separate from the internal weapons bay, a wedge flow control device is mounted on the front of the bay to control the variation of flow during the separation. The numerical simulations of missile separation without and with wedge flow control device under different sizes are carried out. The flow fields of different separation processes are obtained and discussed; the aerodynamic parameters and trajectory parameters of missile of different cases are illustrated and compared. Results show that, the wedge flow control device can accelerate the missile separation and has the effect of regulating the angular motion of missile. The influence of the wedge height is stronger than that of its length on the center of gravity motion and angular motion of missile

Analysis of Healthcare Workers' Knowledge About Vital Sign Zero and Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) System in the Diagnosis and Prevention of Infectious Diseases in Chinese Tertiary Hospitals

Objective To explore the current knowledge and application of vital sign zero and the identify-isolate-inform (3I) system among healthcare workers in China in order to provide a reference for future improvement of healthcare workers' awareness of personal protection and prevention and control measures of infectious diseases. Methods The questionnaire was used to investigate the basic information of health care workers, their knowledge and application of Vital sign zero and the 3I system. A total of 602 forms of health care workers from tertiary hospitals were randomly collected and included for analysis. Results The survey showed that 45.30% and 57.30% of the healthcare workers from Chinese tertiary hospitals know about vital sign zero and 3I system while 51.80% and 57.30% of them applied these measures in their clinical practices. Logistics regression analysis results showed that healthcare workers aged 35 years old and below were less aware of vital sign zero than those above 50 years old (OR = 0.405, 95% CI: 0.174–0.942, P = 0.036). Compared with those in Northwest China, healthcare workers who worked in East China (OR = 0.147, 95% CI: 0.031–0.702, P = 0.016), Central China (OR = 0.085, 95% CI: 0.018–0.403, P = 0.002), Southwest China (OR = 0.083, 95% CI: 0.014–0.48, P = 0.006) and North China (OR = 0.201, 95% CI: 0.042–0.966, P = 0.045) were less aware of vital sign zero while the healthcare workers in Northeast China (OR=9.714, 95% CI: 1.091–86.521, P = 0.042), East China (OR = 18.049, 95% CI: 2.258–144.259, P = 0.006), Central China (OR = 25.560, 95% CI: 3.210–203.502, P = 0.002), South China (OR = 11.141, 95% CI: 1.395–88.947, P = 0.023), Southwest China (OR = 23.200, 95% CI: 2.524–213.286, P = 0.005) and North China (OR = 14.078, 95% CI: 1.756–112.895, P = 0.013) had a better understanding of the 3I system than those in Northwest China. Healthcare workers with more than 20 years of working experience showed less knowledge of the 3I system than those with less than 5 years of working experience (OR = 0.409, 95% CI: 0.215–0.77, P = 0.006). Conclusion The current levels of knowledge and application of vital sign zero and the 3I system in the healthcare workers of Chinese tertiary hospitals need to be improved. The concept of vital sign zero should be incorporated into the prevention triage system of infectious diseases

Economic Benefits of Nitrogen Reductions in Iowa

Iowa agriculture provides tremendous benefits to the state, national, and global economy. The intense nature of the state’s agricultural activities is not without cost. Agricultural industry is a large contributor to water quality problems both within the state as well as in downstream rivers, streams, and the Gulf of Mexico. First released in November 2012, the Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy (NRS) lays out a technology-driven framework for reducing nutrient delivery to waterways in Iowa and, ultimately, the Gulf of Mexico. These efforts are part of a broader strategy that includes 11 other states to reduce the size, severity, and duration of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico.https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/card_reports/1099/thumbnail.jp

Gender minority stress and access to health care services among transgender women and transfeminine people: results from a cross-sectional study in China

Background Transgender and gender diverse individuals often face structural barriers to health care because of their gender minority status. The aim of this study was to examine the association between gender minority stress and access to specific health care services among transgender women and transfeminine people in China. Methods This multicenter cross-sectional study recruited participants between January 1st and June 30th 2020. Eligible participants were 18 years or older, assigned male at birth, not currently identifying as male, and living in China. Gender minority stress was measured using 45 items adapted from validated subscales. We examined access to health care services and interventions relevant to transgender and gender diverse people, including gender affirming interventions (hormones, surgeries), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) testing, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Multivariable regression was used to measure correlations between gender minority stress and access to health care service. Results Three hundred and twenty-four people completed a survey and data from 277 (85.5%) people were analyzed. The mean age was 29 years old (standard deviation [SD] = 8). Participants used hormones (118/277, 42.6%), gender affirming surgery (26/277, 9.4%), HIV testing (220/277, 79.4%), STI testing (132/277, 47.7%), PrEP (24/276, 8.7%), and PEP (29/267, 10.9%). Using gender affirming hormones was associated with higher levels of discrimination (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-1.70) and internalized transphobia (aOR 1.06, 95%CI 1.00-1.12). STI testing was associated with lower levels of internalized transphobia (aOR 0.91, 95%CI 0.84-0.98). Conclusions Our data suggest that gender minority stress is closely related to using health services. Stigma reduction interventions and gender-affirming medical support are needed to improve transgender health