13,352 research outputs found

    List version of (pp,1)-total labellings

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    The (pp,1)-total number Ξ»pT(G)\lambda_p^T(G) of a graph GG is the width of the smallest range of integers that suffices to label the vertices and the edges of GG such that no two adjacent vertices have the same label, no two incident edges have the same label and the difference between the labels of a vertex and its incident edges is at least pp. In this paper we consider the list version. Let L(x)L(x) be a list of possible colors for all x∈V(G)βˆͺE(G)x\in V(G)\cup E(G). Define Cp,1T(G)C_{p,1}^T(G) to be the smallest integer kk such that for every list assignment with ∣L(x)∣=k|L(x)|=k for all x∈V(G)βˆͺE(G)x\in V(G)\cup E(G), GG has a (pp,1)-total labelling cc such that c(x)∈L(x)c(x)\in L(x) for all x∈V(G)βˆͺE(G)x\in V(G)\cup E(G). We call Cp,1T(G)C_{p,1}^T(G) the (pp,1)-total labelling choosability and GG is list LL-(pp,1)-total labelable. In this paper, we present a conjecture on the upper bound of Cp,1TC_{p,1}^T. Furthermore, we study this parameter for paths and trees in Section 2. We also prove that Cp,1T(K1,n)≀n+2pβˆ’1C_{p,1}^T(K_{1,n})\leq n+2p-1 for star K1,nK_{1,n} with pβ‰₯2,nβ‰₯3p\geq2, n\geq3 in Section 3 and Cp,1T(G)≀Δ+2pβˆ’1C_{p,1}^T(G)\leq \Delta+2p-1 for outerplanar graph with Ξ”β‰₯p+3\Delta\geq p+3 in Section 4.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure

    List (d,1)-total labelling of graphs embedded in surfaces

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    The (d,1)-total labelling of graphs was introduced by Havet and Yu. In this paper, we consider the list version of (d,1)-total labelling of graphs. Let G be a graph embedded in a surface with Euler characteristic Ο΅\epsilon whose maximum degree Ξ”(G)\Delta(G) is sufficiently large. We prove that the (d,1)-total choosability Cd,1T(G)C_{d,1}^T(G) of GG is at most Ξ”(G)+2d\Delta(G)+2d.Comment: 6 page

    Probing dark matter particles at CEPC

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    We investigate the capability of the future electron collider CEPC in probing the parameter space of several dark matter models, including millicharged dark matter models, Zβ€²Z' portal dark matter models, and effective field theory dark matter models. In our analysis, the monophoton final state is used as the primary channel to detect dark matter models at CEPC. To maximize the signal to background significance, we study the energy and angular distributions of the monophoton channel arising from dark matter models and from the standard model to design a set of detector cuts. For the Zβ€²Z' portal dark matter, we also analyze the Zβ€²Z' boson visible decay channel which is found to be complementary to the monophoton channel in certain parameter space. The CEPC reach in the parameter space of dark matter models is also put in comparison with Xenon1T. We find that CEPC has the unprecedented sensitivity to certain parameter space for the dark matter models considered; for example, CEPC can improve the limits on millicharge by one order of magnitude than previous collider experiments for O(1)βˆ’100{\cal O}(1)-100 GeV dark matter.Comment: 21 pages, 31 figure
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