Effects of the magnetic field on the spallation reaction implemented by BUU coupled with a phase-space coalescence afterburner

Based on the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) transport model coupled with a phase-space coalescence afterburner, spallation reaction of $p+^{197}Au$ at the incident beam energy of E$_{beam}$= 800 MeV/nucleon is studied. We find that the number of test particles per nucleon has minor effects on the neutron to proton ratio (n/p) of the produced heavier fragments while it affects much on their yields. The external strong magnetic field affects the production of heavier fragments much than the n/p of produced fragments. The n/p of free nucleons is greatly affected by the strong magnetic field, especially for the nucleons with lower energies.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, revised, accepted by EP

Alternative Approaches to the Development of Early Childhood Education in Singapore

A knowledge-intensive, innovation-driven economy needs innovative and creative individuals in business, government, and the various professions. Singapore’s education system has an important role to play in equipping the young with the right qualities. This could be better achieved by moving away from an overly rigid education system that places undue emphasis on rote learning and examination scores, to an education system that develops students’ creativity and critical thinking abilities, and encourages their innate curiosity and willingness to experiment. We examine, as a backdrop, various economic theories of entrepreneurship and, believing that it is important to begin with a good educational foundation, the features of some alternative approaches to pre-school education. We also examine Singapore’s attempts to promote independent thinking and creativity among Singaporean students, and other countries’ experiences, in particular those of Finland and the Netherlands. Among other issues, emphasis is placed on play and the fostering of students’ love of learning, in less structured settings, as the media of learning during early childhood education.Entrepreneurship; Pre-school Education; Play-based Learning; Reggio Emilia approach; Montessori Method; Teach Less, Learn More (TLLM) initiative

Semi-Supervised Learning for Neural Machine Translation

While end-to-end neural machine translation (NMT) has made remarkable progress recently, NMT systems only rely on parallel corpora for parameter estimation. Since parallel corpora are usually limited in quantity, quality, and coverage, especially for low-resource languages, it is appealing to exploit monolingual corpora to improve NMT. We propose a semi-supervised approach for training NMT models on the concatenation of labeled (parallel corpora) and unlabeled (monolingual corpora) data. The central idea is to reconstruct the monolingual corpora using an autoencoder, in which the source-to-target and target-to-source translation models serve as the encoder and decoder, respectively. Our approach can not only exploit the monolingual corpora of the target language, but also of the source language. Experiments on the Chinese-English dataset show that our approach achieves significant improvements over state-of-the-art SMT and NMT systems.Comment: Corrected a typ