Symmetries of SU(2) Skyrmion in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian approaches

We apply the Batalin-Fradkin-Tyutin (BFT) method to the SU(2) Skyrmion to study the full symmetry structure of the model at the first class Hamiltonian level. On the other hand, we also analyze the symmetry structure of the action having the WZ term, which corresponds to this Hamiltonian, in the framework of the Lagrangian approach. Furthermore, following the BFV formalism we derive the BRST invariant gauge fixed Lagrangian from the above extended action.Comment: 14 pages, final revised version, to appear in Mod. Phys. Lett.

GEMS embeddings of Schwarzschild and RN black holes in Painlev\'e-Gullstrand spacetimes

We embed (3+1)-dimensional Schwarzschild and RN black holes in the Painlev\'e-Gullstrand (PG) spacetimes into (5+1)- and (5+2)-dimensional flat spacetimes, respectively. Making use of embedding coordinates with the aid of their geodesic equations, we directly obtain freely falling temperatures in drip, rain, and hail frames, which are the Unruh temperatures in higher-dimensional spacetimes. We also show that using the GEMS embedding method the freely falling temperatures in the PG spacetimes are equivalent to the Hawking temperatures in the original curved ones.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figure

GUP corrected entropy of the Schwarzschild black hole in massive gravity

Considering corrections to all orders in the Planck length on the density of quantum states from a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), we calculate the statistical entropy of a scalar field on the background of the Schwarzschild black hole in massive gravity. As a result, we newly obtain the generalized Bekenstein-Hawking entropy depending on a gravitational mass without any artificial cutoff.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure