Spline Collocation Method for Nonlinear Multi-Term Fractional Differential Equation

We study an approximation method to solve nonlinear multi-term fractional differential equations with initial conditions or boundary conditions. First, we transform the nonlinear multi-term fractional differential equations with initial conditions and boundary conditions to nonlinear fractional integral equations and consider the relations between them. We present a Spline Collocation Method and prove the existence, uniqueness and convergence of approximate solution as well as error estimation. The approximate solution of fractional differential equation is obtained by fractional integration of the approximate solution for fractional integral equation.Comment: 5 pages, Presented in International Symposium in Commemoration of the 65th Anniversary of the Foundation of Kim Il Sung University(Mathematics) held on 20-21, Sep. Juche100(2011) in Pyongyang, D.P.R.Kore

Infrared absorption property of silicon carbide-silica nanocables synthesized by ethanol pyrolysis

A controllable synthesis method for SiC-SiO$_{2}$ nanocables has been proposed. The diameter of SiC core and thickness of SiO$_{2}$ shell were changed by adjusting the flow ratio between Ar dilution gas and ethanol precursor. With increasing the flow, the enhancement of 1137cm$^{-1}$ peak was observed from fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. This peak is considered to be originated from a highly disordered surface structure of SiO$_{2}$ shell which was enhanced with increasing the flow. The FTIR spectra show the 910cm$^{-1}$ peak which is attributed to surface phonon resonance in the nanostructure of SiC exited by p-polarized field component

Determination of Trace Moisture Content in Dimethylacetamide by Gas Chromatography

Dimethylacetamide is used as a solvent in polymer processing and moisture in DMA affects the morphology and mechanical properties of the polymer products. This paper describes a method for determination of trace moisture content in DMA by acetylene production - gas chromatography. In the condition of 30 centigrade and ultrasonic dispersion, moisture in DMA sample was reacted with calcium carbide and its product of acetylene was measured by gas chromatography. By this way, trace moisture in DMA was determined with RSD of 2.272 percent and limit of measurement was 0.002 percent

Study on the preparation of nanosulfur/bentonite complex

Inorganic compounds with sulfur have a good antifungal efficacy. However there is a limit, sulfur is required in bulk quantities for application. Nanosulfur might have a high anti-bacterial effect in a thin concentration. Nanosulfur-bentonite composite was prepared from nanosulfur made by the reaction between sodium thiosulfate and sulfuric acid and bentonite was used as a carrier. The most appropriate reaction temperature, concentrations of Na2S2O3 5H2O and H2SO4, dropping rate and stirring one were determined. From SEM images, it was illuminated that small particle size of nanosulfur deposited on bentonite is in the range of 20-30nm and big one is in the range of 60-100nm

First-principles study of organically modified muscovite mica with ammonium (NH4+_4^+) or methylammonium (CH3_3NH3+_3^+) ion

Using density functional theory calculations, we have investigated the interlayer cation exchange phenomena in muscovite mica, which is motivated by a necessity to develop flexible high-insulating covering materials. The crystalline structures, chemical bonding properties, energetics, and electronic properties of muscovites before and after exchange of interlayer K$^+$ cation with ammonium (NH$_4^+$) or methylammonium (CH$_3$NH$_3^+$) ion were calculated. It was found that the unit cell volume changes are negligibly small upon exchange with NH$_4^+$ ion, while the unit cells are expanded with about 4 \% relative rate when replacing the interlayer K$^+$ cation with CH$_3$NH$_3^+$ ion. The energy band gap of pre-exchanged muscovite was calculated to be about 5 eV, which hardly changes upon interlayer cation exchange with either NH$_4^+$ or CH$_3$NH$_3^+$ ion, indicating the preservation of high insulating property of muscovite. The exchange energies were found to be about -100 kJ/mol for NH$_4^+$ and about -50 kJ/mol for CH$_3$NH$_3^+$ exchange, indicating that the exchange reactions are exothermic. A detailed analysis of atomic resolved density of states and electron density redistribution was provided

Software Cognitive Information Measure based on Relation Between Structures

Cognitive complexity measures quantify human difficulty in understanding the source code based on cognitive informatics foundation. The discipline derives cognitive complexity on a basis of fundamental software factors i.e, inputs, outputs, and internal processing architecture. An approach to integrating Granular Computing into the new measure called Structured Cognitive Information Measure or SCIM. The proposed measure unifies and re-organizes complexity factors analogous to human cognitive process. However, according to the methodology of software and the scope of the variables, Information Complexity Number(ICN) of variables is depended on change of variable value and cognitive complexity is measured in several ways. In this paper, we define the Scope Information Complexity Number (SICN) and present the cognitive complexity based on functional decomposition of software, including theoretical validation through nine Weyuker's properties.Comment: 12 page

Determination of carbohydrates in infant milk powders by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector and BEH HILIC column

The possibility of carbohydrate separation in BEH HILIC (Ethylene Bridged Hybride, Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography) column was studied by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) and mobile phase containing amine compounds as modifiers. The chromatography conditions and ELSD parameters were optimized to separate five typical carbohydrates and applied to analysis of four infant milk powders. The linear ranges of carbohydrate determination were 20-300mg/L for fructose and glucose, 20-250mg/L for sucrose and lactose, and 35-180mg/L for fructo-oligosaccharide. The LODs were 16.4mg/L for fructose and glucose, 17.3mg/L for sucrose, 20.0mg/L for lactose, and 46.7mg/L for fructo-oligosaccharide. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged between 3.45-4.23%, 1.46-4.17%, 4.14-5.60%, 1.39-4.09%, and 2.49-3.61% for fructose, glucose, sucrose, lactose, and fructo-oilgosaccharide, respectively and recoveries ranged between 95.0 and 105.4

The Pilot Alignment Pattern Design in OFDM Systems

In this paper, we propose optimal pilot pattern of downlink OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) communication system.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figure

An Efficient Bilinear Pairing-Free Certificateless Two-Party Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol in the eCK Model

Recent study on certificateless authenticated key agreement focuses on bilinear pairing-free certificateless authenticated key agreement protocol. Yet it has got limitations in the aspect of computational amount. So it is important to reduce the number of the scalar multiplication over elliptic curve group in bilinear pairing-free protocols. This paper proposed a new bilinear pairing-free certificateless two-party authenticated key agreement protocol, providing more efficiency among related work and proof under the random oracle model.Comment: 15 pages. 1 figure and 1 table, ver. 2 revised according to reviewers' advice, this version is the new development of [19] which is the development of [12](arXiv:1106.3898) of Debiao He who was the second academic advisor and colleague of the first author during visit to Wuhan university, ver. 4 accepted in JTP

Defect energetics and electronic structures of As-doped p-type ZnO crystals: A first-principles study

First-principles calculations based on density functional theory have been carried out to understand the mechanism of fabricating As-doped p-type ZnO semiconductors. It has been confirmed that AsZn-2VZn complex is the most plausible acceptor among several candidates for p-type doping by computing the formation and ionization energies. The electronic band structures and atomic-projected density of states of AsZn-2VZn defect complex-contained ZnO bulks have been computed. The acceptor level in AsZn-2VZn band structure has found to be 0.12 eV, which is in good agreement with the experimental ionization energy (0.12 ~ 0.18 eV). The hybridization among O 2p, Zn 3d and As 4s states has been observed around the valence band maximum