High-aspect-ratio copper via filling used for three-dimensional chip stacking

Through-chip electrodes for three-dimensional packaging can offer short interconnection and reduced signal delay. Formation of suitable vias by electrodeposition into cavities presents a filling problem similar to that encountered in the damascene process. Because via dimensions for through-chip filling are larger and have a higher aspect ratio relative to features in damascene, process optimization requires modification of existing superconformal plating baths and plating parameters. In this study, copper filling of high-aspect-ratio through-chip vias was investigated and optimized with respect to plating bath composition and applied current wavetrain. Void-free vias 70 mu m deep and 10 mu m wide were formed in 60 min using additives in combination with pulse-reverse current and dissolved-oxygen enrichment. The effects of reverse current and dissolved oxygen on the performance of superfilling additives is discussed in terms of their effects on formation, destruction, and distribution of a Cu(I) thiolate accelerant. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. </p

Letter from Yonemura to Hall with attachments

Letter from Hitoshi Yonemura to John M. Hall. Mr. Yonemura reports that he graduated ROTC but was declined a commission due to his race. Attachments indicate that he will be given special consideration for a commission, but as of Mr. Yonemura's letter, this has not yet happened

Speeches by Block Administrators at Heart Mountain [Wyoming] shortly after arrival (n.d., ca 6-42)

Brief speeches... delivered at the first informal get-together of Block Administrators and Administrative Personnel Individual speech titles: Social Aspects of Evacuation Economic Aspects of the Evacuees Our W.C.C.A. Center Evacuation and Our Morale Our Future Cook-Nisei MS 33, Box 3, Folder 2https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/cook-nisei/1171/thumbnail.jp

Speeches by Block Administrators at Heart Mountain [Wyoming] shortly after arrival (n.d., ca 6-42)

Brief speeches... delivered at the first informal get-together of Block Administrators and Administrative Personnel Individual speech titles: Social Aspects of Evacuation Economic Aspects of the Evacuees Our W.C.C.A. Center Evacuation and Our Morale Our Future Cook-Nisei MS 33, Box 3, Folder 2https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/cook-nisei/1171/thumbnail.jp

Guidelines for managing conscientious objection to blood transfusion

Parents sometimes deny their children blood transfusion because of their religious beliefs. The Japanese Joint Committee on the Refusal of Blood Transfusion on Religious Grounds asserts that the health and life of every child under 15 years of age should be guarded by the collective efforts of health, welfare and advocacy institutions when a parent or guardian seeks to withhold transfusion therapy. Patients 18 years or older should receive treatment without transfusion after signing and submitting a "Certificate of Refusal Blood Transfusion and Exemption from Liability". For a patient younger than 18, but 15 years or older, essential transfusion can be performed if the patient or at least one guardian consents. Without patient or guardians consent, guidelines for patients 18 years or older shall apply. Healthcare providers should offer the best possible care that is consistent with a patient’s age and competency

Unexpectedly Large Contribution of Oxygen to Charge Compensation Triggered by Structural Disordering: Detailed Experimental and Theoretical Study on a Li₃NbO₄–NiO Binary System

酸素が反応に寄与するニッケル系電池材料 高エネルギー密度リチウム電池実現に期待 --新規不規則岩塩型ニッケル系材料開発と次世代蓄電池への応用--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-05-24.Dependence on lithium-ion batteries for automobile applications is rapidly increasing. The emerging use of anionic redox can boost the energy density of batteries, but the fundamental origin of anionic redox is still under debate. Moreover, to realize anionic redox, many reported electrode materials rely on manganese ions through π-type interactions with oxygen. Here, through a systematic experimental and theoretical study on a binary system of Li₃NbO₄–NiO, we demonstrate for the first time the unexpectedly large contribution of oxygen to charge compensation for electrochemical oxidation in Ni-based materials. In general, for Ni-based materials, e.g., LiNiO₂, charge compensation is achieved mainly by Ni oxidation, with a lower contribution from oxygen. In contrast, for Li₃NbO₄–NiO, oxygen-based charge compensation is triggered by structural disordering and σ-type interactions with nickel ions, which are associated with a unique environment for oxygen, i.e., a linear Ni–O–Ni configuration in the disordered system. Reversible anionic redox with a small hysteretic behavior was achieved for LiNi₂/₃Nb₁/₃O₂ with a cation-disordered Li/Ni arrangement. Further Li enrichment in the structure destabilizes anionic redox and leads to irreversible oxygen loss due to the disappearance of the linear Ni–O–Ni configuration and the formation of unstable Ni ions with high oxidation states. On the basis of these results, we discuss the possibility of using σ-type interactions for anionic redox to design advanced electrode materials for high-energy lithium-ion batteries

Clinical and biomarker factors affecting survival in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer receiving olaparib monotherapy: a multicenter retrospective study

Abstract The standard treatment for platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer (PSROC) is platinum-based chemotherapy followed by olaparib monotherapy. A retrospective study was conducted to identify factors affecting the survival of patients with PSROC undergoing olaparib monotherapy in real-world clinical settings. The study enrolled 122 patients who received olaparib monotherapy between April 2018 and December 2020 at three national centers in Japan. The study used the Kaplan–Meier method and univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the associations between factors and progression-free survival (PFS). Patients with BRCA1/2 mutations had a significantly longer median PFS than those without these mutations. Both the BRCA1/2 mutation-positive and mutation-negative groups exhibited a prolonged PFS when the platinum-free interval (PFI) was ≥ 12 months. Cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) level within reference values was significantly linked to prolonged PFS, while a high platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (≥ 210) was significantly associated with poor PFS in the BRCA1/2 mutation-negative group. The study suggests that a PFI of ≥ 12 months may predict survival after olaparib monotherapy in patients with PSROC, regardless of their BRCA1/2 mutation status. Additionally, a CA-125 level within reference values may be associated with extended survival in patients without BRCA1/2 mutations. A larger prospective study should confirm these findings