The Younger Generation’s Understanding of Public Pension Plans and the Effect of Education about Pensions in Japan

This study considered the relationship between the younger generation’s understanding of public pension plans and the effect of education about pensions in Japan. University students’ understanding of public pension plans were investigated, in addition to the effect of education about pensions in Japan. The results show that the Japanese National Pension Plan will experience major difficulties in the future and has a low evaluation internationally. It is left to the younger generation to resolve these difficulties. While most Japanese university students affirmed the value of Japan’s National Pension Plan, they do not have a deep understanding. They learned about the public pension plan through social studies and television news reports; however, this was insufficient for a better understanding of pension plans. Therefore, the younger generation should have access to project-based learning about the public pension plans at home, at school, and in society.本研究は，森永大翼氏の2017年度広島大学教育学部卒業研究のデータの一部を基に作成した

Influence of Family Relationships on Local Orientation in Job Hunting by University Students

In this paper, we consider the reality and elements of local orientation in job hunting by university students. We investigated the effect of family relationships on job hunting. We obtained the following findings: ・Japanese families are becoming smaller as the number of children declines. ・Relationships among parents, sons and daughters become closer. ・Japanese family members prefer to have some distance from each other. ・Sons and daughters aspire to obtain employment in their local area

Female University Student’s View of Career Formation and Work-Life Balance

Japan is experiencing a decrease in the productive-age population. Women’s social advancement is needed to fill the shortage of workers. However, a number of challenges faced by working women mean that are less likely to hold senior or managerial positions. The current study investigated the view of female university students about their future career and work-life balance. We administrated a questionnaire to female university students. The findings indicated a high level of willingness to works, and a desire undertake managerial position. In contract, perceived obstacles to women’s social advancement are overtime work, holiday work, a lack of understanding about other working women, balance work with family life, tasks associated with child rearing, and the importance of personal life. Eliminating these obstacles by promoting, work-life balance and enabling working women’s access to challenging work can contribute to women’s social advancement in Japan

Effectiveness of Consumer Education at Schools : An Analysis of Consumer Awareness and Behaviors of University Students on Online Shopping

The purpose of this study is to analyze the consumer awareness and the consumer behaviors of university students on online shopping, and to assess of the effectiveness of consumer education at junior high schools and high schools. To this achievement, we carried out a questionnaire survey about the consumer awareness and behaviors of university students on online shopping. The findings represent that they are shopping conveniently in an enjoyable format. On the other hand, they often encounter a variety of consumer affairs. Then, someone solves the problems, and others act the least. These suggested the effectiveness of consumer education at junior high schools and high schools

PR3-ANCA in Wegener's granulomatosis prime human mononuclear cells for enhanced activation via TLRs and NOD1/2

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) is autoantibodies characteristic of vasculitis diseases. A connection between ANCA and Wegener's granulomatosis was well established. The interaction of both ANCA phenotypes (PR3-ANCA and MPO-ANCA) with leukocytes provoked cell activation, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of ANCA-related Wegener's granulomatosis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this study, we examined whether PR3-ANCA sera and purified immunoglobulins from patients with Wegener's granulomatosis prime human monocytic cells for enhanced responses to microbial components in terms of production of proinflammatory cytokines.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Flow cytometry demonstrated that stimulation with antibodies to proteinase 3 enhanced the expression of TLR2, 3, 4, 7, and 9, NOD1, and NOD2 in human mononuclear cells. The sera and purified immunoglobulins significantly primed human mononuclear cells to secrete interleukin-8 in response to microbial components via TLRs and NODs. Priming effects were also observed for the production of interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α. On the other hand, PR3-ANCA-negative sera from patients with polyarteritis nodosa which possibly related to MPO-ANCA and aortitis syndrome as well as control sera from a healthy volunteer did not have any priming effects on PBMCs.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In conclusion, PR3-ANCA prime human mononuclear cells to produce cytokines upon stimulation with various microbial components by up-regulating the TLR and NOD signaling pathway, and these mechanisms <it>may partially </it>participate in the inflammatory process in Wegener's granulomatosis.</p

Gross E esophageal atresia with unique course

The patient was a 15 months-old boy who had been diagnosed CHARGE syndrome, which is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome caused by mutations in the CHD7 gene. Mechanical ventilation management was initiated 2 hours after birth for dysphagia and respiratory failure, and tracheotomy was performed 3 months after birth for dysphagia and failed extubation. He was repeatedly hospitalized due to pneuomoniae. Approximately 1 year after birth, the boy had two consecutive episodes of sudden ventilatory insufficiency while replacing the tracheotomy cannula. A bronchoscopic examination under general anesthesia revealed a tracheoesophageal fistula directly below the tracheostomy. The patient was diagnosed with Gross E esophageal atresia, and we speculated that the cannula migrated to the esophagus via the fistula during tracheostomy cannula replacement. Gross E esophageal atresia is a rare disease. Its diagnosis is often delayed, and it is discovered by recurrent pneumonia in many cases. A tracheoesophageal fistula may also be found in children with deformities of the respiratory system. Furthermore, tracheoesophageal fistulae are often found in the neck. Therefore, when sudden ventilatory insufficiency occurs in a child with a tracheostomy after replacing the tracheostomy cannula, caution must be exercised since the cannula may have migrated to the esophagus via a fistula

Myocardial velocity gradient as a noninvasively determined index of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated the utility of the peak negative myocardial velocity gradient (MVG) derived from tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) for evaluation of diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).BackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by impaired diastolic function with abnormal stiffness and prolonged relaxation. However, it remains difficult to evaluate these defects noninvasively.MethodsBoth TDI and conventional echocardiography were performed in 36 patients with HCM and in 47 control subjects. Left ventricular (LV) pressure was measured simultaneously in all HCM patients and in 26 controls.ResultsThe peak negative MVG occurred soon after the isovolumic relaxation period during the initial phase of rapid filling (auxotonic relaxation). It was significantly smaller in HCM patients than in control subjects (2.32 ± 0.52/s vs. 4.82 ± 1.15/s, p < 0.0001); the cutoff value for differentiation between all HCM patients and 47 normal individuals was determined as 3.2/s. Both the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (19.6 ± 6.1 mm Hg vs. 6.5 ± 1.7 mm Hg, p < 0.0001) and the time constant of LV pressure decay during isovolumic diastole (tau) (44.0 ± 6.7 ms vs. 32.1 ± 5.5 ms, p < 0.0001) were increased in HCM patients compared with controls. The peak negative MVG was negatively correlated with both LVEDP (r= −0.75, p < 0.0001) and tau (r= −0.58, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsA reduced peak negative MVG reflects both prolonged relaxation and elevated LVEDP. The peak negative MVG might thus provide a noninvasive index of diastolic function, yielding unique information about auxotonic relaxation in patients with HCM

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of primary ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma

BACKGROUND: It remains unknown whether primary ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is a homogeneous entity, as there are few reports of the results of cytogenetic or molecular analyses of these tumors. METHODS: We performed interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis to detect translocations and aneuploidy in 34 cases of primary ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma, and reviewed the histopathological findings. Correlations between the results of FISH analysis, the histopathological features and the clinical data were also analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 34 cases, FISH analysis revealed t(14;18)(q32;q21) in one case, trisomy 3 in 21 cases (62%), and trisomy 18 in 16 cases (47%). The cases with trisomy 18 had significantly more prominent lymphoepithelial lesions (LELs) and less nodularity in the tumors. In regard to the clinical correlations, tumors with trisomy 18 were observed predominantly in females and younger patients; also, in the majority of the cases, the tumor was of conjunctival origin. All the cases with recurrence showed trisomy 18 in the tumor. CONCLUSION: Primary ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma is a significantly heterogeneous entity. Cases with trisomy 18 may have unique clinicopathological features