FT-IR, FT-Raman and ab-initio studies of 1,3-diphenyl thiourea

The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 1,3-diphenyl thiourea were recorded and analyzed. The vibrational wavenumbers were examined theoretically with the aid of the Gaussian03 package of programs using the HF/6-311++G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) levels of theory. The data obtained from vibrational wavenumber calculations are used to assign vibrational bands obtained in IR and Raman spectroscopy of the studied molecule. The first hyperpolarizabililty, infrared intensities and Raman activities are reported. The calculated first hyperpolarizability is comparable with the reported values of similar derivatives and is an attractive object for future studies of non-linear optics. The geometrical parameters of the title compound are in agreement with the values of similar structures. The changes in the C-N bond lengths suggest an extended π-electron delocalization over the thiourea moiety which is responsible for the non-linearity of the molecule

The Effect of Leadership, Budget, and Physical Space on the Types and Extent of Services as Utilized By the Aged in Four Senior Citizen's Centers in Essex County (Older Adults Association, Ontario, Canada).

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of leadership, budget, physical space on services provided and the users' perceptions of the adequacy of such services. The research was conducted in selected senior citizen's centers in Essex County, Ontario. A purposive sample was used. Twenty percent (487) of the target population were given a forty-item questionnaire. Participation was voluntary. The return rate was 63% (305). The centers are used by both "well" and "not-so-well" (health restrictions) people. The directors of the centers were given a different questionnaire with 22 items. This was followed by an interview. A chi-square analysis was carried out to measure possible relationships between demographic characteristics, cost of participation, adequacy of space, participation in activities/services and the frequency of visits, duration of membership, and the need for more activities. A multiple regression was done to predict the participation rate and satisfaction with the provided activities/services. The participants' perception was that the space was adequate for activities/services. However, the adequacy of space was not a factor in participation rate in activities/services. Also, space did not influence the number or types of activities/services. Formal educational qualifications of the directors varied from high school to professional preparation. The organizational structure and the administration of the centers are different. The directors' approach to raising and utilizing of funds, allocating space, and the number of provided programs was different among the centers. However, the participants' satisfaction level as measured by the frequency of attendance, duration of membership, and need for more activities were similar in all centers. At this point, leadership does not appear to be a crucial factor in members' frequency of visits to the center, participation rates, or satisfaction. Overall, the participants are satisfied with the provided activities and services; it is the "know how" and the initiative of the leaders that seem to provide more services.Ph.D.GerontologyUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/160910/1/8612457.pd

Affirmative Action Plans in the 1990s: A Double Edged Sword

Since the mid-1980s, affirmative action plans (AAPs) have come under ever increasing criticism. Many detractors argue that AAPs serve no purpose other than to veil thinly reverse discrimination against whites. In the twenty-five years since the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, critics contend that substantial progress has been made in the area of equal opportunities for women and minorities and that affirmative action plans now have outlived their usefulness. Additionally, it is argued that affirmative action has created an employment spoils system in which people who actually never have experienced discrimination are reaping benefits at the expense of white males.1 This shift in public opinion was sufficiently strong in 1985 to encourage then Attorney General Edwin Meese to call for an amended Executive Order which would eliminate the quota system, referring to AAps.2 President Reagan, however, did not amend the Executive Order and affirmative action remained throughout his administration and into the next

A catalogue of the collection of Persian manuscripts, including also some Turkish and Arabic, presented to the Metropolitan museum of art, New York, by Alexander Smith Cochran;

20 of the mss. are Persian, 2 eastern Turkish, and 2 Arabic."List of works of reference": p. xii-xiv.Mode of access: Internet