A Closer Look at the Intervention Procedure of Concept Bottleneck Models

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CH4 - Flue gas replacement occurring in sH hydrates and its significance for CH4 recovery and CO2 sequestration

The CH4-flue gas replacement that occurs in structure H (sH) hydrates was investigated, with a primary focus on thermodynamic phase behavior, structure identification, heat flow monitoring, and dissociation enthalpy, for its dual function of CH4 recovery and CO2 sequestration. The significant shift in the equilibrium line of the CH4 + neohexane (2,2-dimethylbutane, NH) hydrates replaced with CO2 (10%) + N2 (90%) and CO2 (20%) + N2 (80%) indicates that CH4 molecules in the sH hydrates were significantly exchanged with flue gas mixtures. Furthermore, 13C NMR spectroscopy revealed that replacement using flue gas occurs without a structural transition, and that CO2 molecules preferentially attack CH4 molecules occupied in the medium 435663 cages of sH hydrates. The extent of the CH4 + NH - flue gas replacement was approximately 74%. During CH4 - flue gas replacement in sH hydrates, there was no significant change in heat flow associated with the dissociation and subsequent reformation of gas hydrates. Dissociation enthalpies of gas hydrates before and after replacement, measured using a high-pressure micro-differential scanning calorimeter (HP ??-DSC), also supported isostructural replacement with the high extent of reaction. This study reports the first experimental evidence of isostructural CH4 - flue gas replacement occurring in sH hydrates, and thus, might contribute to extending the potential fields of CH4 exploitation using a flue gas replacement, into sH natural gas hydrate reservoirs.clos

A Funnel Type PVDF Underwater Energy Harvester with Spiral Structure Mounted on the Harvester Support

For the purpose of stably supplying electric power to the underwater wireless sensor, the energy harvesting technology in which a voltage is obtained by generating displacement in a piezoelectric material using flow-induced vibration is one of the most attractive research fields. The funnel type energy harvester (FTEH) with PVDF proposed in this study is an energy harvester in which the inlet has a larger cross-sectional area than the outlet and a spiral structure is inserted to generate a vortex flow at the inlet. Based on numerical analysis, when PVDF with L = 100 mm and t = 1 mm was used, the electric power of 39 μW was generated at flow velocity of 0.25 m/s. In experiment the average RMS voltage of FTEH increased by 0.0209 V when the flow velocity increased by 1 m/s. When measured at 0.25 m/s flow velocity for 25 s, it was shown that voltage doubler rectifier (VDR) generated a voltage of 133.4 mV, 2.25 times larger than that of full bridge rectifier (FBR), and the energy charged in the capacitor was 44.3 nJ, 14% higher in VDR than that of the FBR. In addition, the VDR can deliver power of 17.75 μW for 1 kΩ load. It is shown that if the voltage generated by the FTEH using the flow velocity is stored using the VDR electric circuit, it will greatly contribute to the stable power supply of the underwater wireless sensor

Increased risk of refeeding syndrome-like hypophosphatemia with high initial amino acid intake in small-for-gestational-age, extremely-low-birthweight infants.

BackgroundRecent nutrition guidelines for extremely-low-birth-weight infants (ELBWIs) recommend implementation of high initial amino acid (AA) supplementation in parenteral nutrition.ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate the influence of AA intake on refeeding syndrome-like electrolyte disturbances including hypophosphatemia in ELBWIs.Study designMedical records of 142 ELBWIs were reviewed. Demographic, nutritional, outcome, and electrolyte data were compared between ELBWIs with initial low (1.5 g/kg/day) and high (3 g/kg/day) AA intake. Multivariate analysis was conducted to determine the odds ratio of hypophosphatemia with high AA intake and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) ELBWIs.ResultsThe incidence of hypophosphatemia and severe hypophosphatemia increased from 51% and 8% in period I to 59% and 20% in period II, respectively (p = 0.36 and ConclusionsIn summary, high initial AA intake significantly increased the risk of refeeding syndrome-like electrolyte dysregulations including severe hypophosphatemia in ELBWIs. In SGA ELBWIs, the risk of electrolyte disturbance was significantly higher, even with low initial AA intake. Therefore, new tailored parenteral nutrition protocols starting with lower energy intake and a gradual increase over the first week may be warranted for application in high-risk SGA ELBWIs

Compressibility effects on cavity dynamics behind a two-dimensional wedge

To understand cavity dynamics, many experimental and computational studies have been conducted for many decades. As computational methods, incompressible, isothermal compressible, and fully compressible flow solvers were used for the purpose. In the present study, to understand the compressibility effect on cavity dynamics, both incompressible and fully compressible flow solvers were developed, respectively. Experiments were also carried out in a cavitation tunnel to compare with the computational results. The cavity shedding dynamics, re-entrant jet, transition from bounded shear layer vortices to Karman vortices, and pressure and velocity contours behind the two-dimensional wedge by the two developed solvers were compared at various cavitation numbers.Y

Association of a Serotonin Receptor 2A Gene Polymorphism with Visual Sustained Attention in Early-Onset Schizophrenia Patients and their Non-Psychotic Siblings

The serotonin receptor 2A gene polymorphism is associated with attentional processes in schizophrenia. However, the specificity of the underlying cognitive constructs affected within this domain requires further elucidation. We carried out the first investigation of whether the TC/CC genotype of the 5-HT2A T102C polymorphism confers impairments in early-onset schizophrenia (EOS; onset of psychotic symptoms before age 18) but not in healthy siblings, the putative mechanism being that serotonergic inhibitory modulation of prefrontal dopamine is impaired in the presence of the C allele which in turn is a genetic risk marker for schizophrenia. Fifty-three EOS outpatients and 46 of their non-psychotic siblings (no current Axis I diagnoses) were genotyped for 5-HT2A T102C polymorphism. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess symptomatology severity. Diagnostic classification was based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Structured Clinical Interview. The Degraded-Stimulus Continuous Performance Test (DS-CPT) was used to measure sustained focused attention. As predicted, EOS probands produced fewer correct responses (hit rate) and demonstrated poorer perceptual sensitivity compared with the healthy siblings. The C allele at codon 102 was associated with fewer correct responses compared with the TT genotype. There was no significant relationship between the polymorphism and clinical parameters, as measured using the PANSS. Our findings suggest that the C allele may be related to sustained attentional impairments in EOS

Trends in Research on Patients With COVID-19 in Korean Medical Journals

Objectives: This study was conducted to systematically summarize trends in research concerning patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as reported in Korean medical journals. Methods: We performed a literature search of KoreaMed from January 2020 to September 2022. We included only primary studies of patients with COVID-19. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts, then performed full-text screening, both independently and in duplicate. We first identified the 5 journals with the greatest numbers of eligible publications, then extracted data pertaining to the general characteristics, study population attributes, and research features of papers published in these journals. Results: Our analysis encompassed 142 primary studies. Of these, approximately 41.0% reported a funding source, while 3.5% disclosed a conflict of interest. In 2020, 42.9% of studies included fewer than 10 participants; however, by 2022, the proportion of studies with over 200 participants had increased to 40.6%. The most common design was the cohort study (48.6%), followed by case reports/series (35.2%). Only 3 randomized controlled trials were identified. Studies most frequently focused on prognosis (58.5%), followed by therapy/intervention (20.4%). Regarding the type of intervention/exposure, therapeutic clinical interventions comprised 26.1%, while studies of morbidity accounted for 13.4%. As for the outcomes measured, 50.7% of studies assessed symptoms/clinical status/improvement, and 14.1% evaluated mortality. Conclusions: Employing a systematic approach, we examined the characteristics of research involving patients with COVID-19 that was published in Korean medical journals from 2020 onward. Subsequent research should assess not only publication trends over a longer timeframe but also the quality of evidence provided

Association of KIBRA rs17070145 polymorphism with episodic memory in the early stages of a human neurodevelopmental disorder

A common T/C polymorphism within the ninth intron of the KIBRA gene (rs17070145) is thought to influence memory in humans. Since cognitive impairment, including memory, is a core feature of schizophrenia, we attempted to investigate this association in an independent sample of adolescent patients with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS; onset before age 18) probands and their healthy siblings. In a sample of 25 pairs of EOS proband-healthy full sibling, we sought to investigate the association of KIBRA with memory performance. Episodic memory was measured using immediate and delayed recall measures of the California Verbal Learning Test. EOS underperformed at immediate and delayed recall compared with siblings. In a combined analysis (TT vs. TC/CC) assuming a C dominant model of inheritance, we found a main effect of genotype where individuals with TT genotype outperformed non-TT-carriers at immediate and delayed recall. A genotype by group interaction showed that EOS with TT genotype did not show a memory advantage over siblings with TT or non-TT-carriers at immediate or delayed recall. Siblings with TT genotype showed enhanced immediate recall (not delayed recall) compared with non-TT-carriers. This study demonstrates an association between the KIBRA gene and episodic memory (immediate free recall) and suggests a differential effect of this genetic variant in EOS and healthy siblings

Waterproof perovskites: high fluorescence quantum yield and stability from a methylammonium lead bromide/formate mixture in water

We've observed intense fluorescence from the surface of lead formate crystals when they are precipitated from a CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr(3)) perovskite precursor solution. The crystals exhibit emission in the range of 500-550 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of up to 70%. The fluorescence is stable in water and at elevated temperature without significant decrease in PLQY for months, conditions which instantly decompose MAPbBr(3). Fluorescence occurred with the highest quantum efficiency of 70% at an optimal 1 : 0.3 molar ratio of methylammonium formate and lead bromide and decreased rapidly for other ratios. Fluorescence was quenched using other halides (Cl or I) or other cations (Cs, ethylammonium, propylammonium, etc.). Single crystal analysis indicates that the material possesses the lead formate structure with lattice parameters which are identical to pristine lead formate, however, analysis of the particles by EDX, XPS and fluorescence microscopy confirms the presence of Br and fluorescence emission on the particle surfaces. The observed material characteristics indicate that the emissive species consists of a mixed-valence surface layer of Pb coordinated to both Br and formate ligands