Economic Regulation of Network Industries

This report was commissioned by Treasury in February 1999 as an input into its ongoing work programme on the regulation of network industries. Network industries are characterised by long-lived investments and increasing returns to scale. This raises two related concerns – protection of consumers from monopoly abuse and protection of investors from opportunistic behaviour by governments. This report reviews the underlying problems of economic regulation of network industries. In particular, it discusses the problems of monopoly and regulation, the objectives and principles of good regulation, the trade-offs that regulation must deal with, and international experience with network regulation in the UK, the US and Australia. Conclusions of the paper include that regulation should provide incentives for short and long-term efficiency, and that regulation should be based on the principles of openness, transparency, consistency and accountability.

Intrusion Detection System: A Survey Using Data Mining and Learning Methods

In spite of growing information system widely, security has remained one hard-hitting area for computers as well as networks. In information protection, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is used to safeguard the data confidentiality, integrity and system availability from various types of attacks. Data mining is an efficient artifice applied to intrusion detection to ascertain a new outline from the massive network data as well as it used to reduce the strain of the manual compilations of the normal and abnormal behavior patterns. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is an essential method to protect network security from incoming on-line threats. Machine learning enable automates the classification of network patterns. This piece of writing reviews the present state of data mining techniques and compares various data mining techniques used to implement an intrusion detection system such as, Support Vector Machine, Genetic Algorithm, Neural network, Fuzzy Logic, Bayesian Classifier, K- Nearest Neighbor and decision tree Algorithms by highlighting a advantage and disadvantages of each of the techniques. This paper review the learning and detection methods in IDS, discuss the problems with existing intrusion detection systems and review data reduction techniques used in IDS in order to deal with huge volumes of audit data. Finally, conclusion and recommendation are included. Keywords: Classification, Data Mining, Intrusion Detection System, Security, Anomaly Detection, Types of attacks, Machine Learning Technique

IPv6 Network Monitoring Tool

IPv6 is a new version of the internetworking protocol designed to address the scalability and service shortcomings of the current standard, IPv4.Unfortunately, IPv4 and IPv6 are not directly compatible, so programs and systems designed to one standard can not communicate with those designed to the other. Consequently, it is necessary to develop smooth transition mechanisms that enable applications to continue working while the network is being upgraded. In this paper the author presents the design and implementation of a network monitoring tool for the latest Internet Protocol; IPv6 which is designed for Microsoft Windows platform. The development of network has increased the need to monitor the nodes that is operating across the same network. The network monitoring tool aims to capture and analyze IP related packets (IPv6 packets) before executing report on the results found

Right coronary artery spasm following anastomotic leak status post-esophagectomy

MINOCA (Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries) is a syndrome defined as MI with normal or near normal coronary arteries on angiography. Although the prevalence is estimated to be between 1-14%, its incidence in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, is not established. Etiologies such as coronary artery vasospasm, acute thrombosis at site of a non-obstructive eccentric plaque thrombus, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, coronary microvascular dysfunction, viral myocarditis, thrombophilia, and coronary artery embolism, have been identified as culprits for MINOCA. We present a case of a 65-year-old male, with past medical history significant for esophageal adenocarcinoma, COPD, 45 year pack tobacco history, and obesity, who developed MINOCA secondary to coronary artery vasospasm postoperatively. Patient underwent esophagectomy at an outside hospital, which was complicated by an anastomotic leak. He was transferred to our institution, for further interventions. Here patient underwent a redo thoracotomy with pulmonary decortication, complete gastrectomy and creation of esophagostomy. On postoperative day 0, patient developed transient ST elevations followed by ventricular tachycardia and then atrial fibrillation. Differential diagnosis included acute coronary syndrome, coronary vasospasm, coronary plaque rupture and recanalization secondary to pericarditis. Echocardiogram after the event showed normal LV systolic function globally with ejection fraction (EF) 70%. On postoperative day 5, patient developed transient bradycardia without hypotension or changes in mental status. EKG significant for ST elevations in the inferior leads with reciprocal ST depressions, transient AV Type II block with 1:2 and 1:3 conduction variance. Within few minutes, patient self-converted to atrial fibrillation with RVR without ST elevations. Patient underwent a left heart catherization, which was negative for obstructive coronary artery disease, but significant for moderate hypokinesis of the apical and periapical wall with reduced EF. In view of continued suspicion for RCA vasospasm as the etiology for these episodes, it was recommended to start patient on diltiazem, amiodarone, and low dose ASA 81mg. Unfortunately, patient was unable to tolerate diltiazem secondary to hypotension. He was started on nitroglycerin infusion and eventually transitioned to isordil without issue. He remained in atrial fibrillation, which was rate controlled, without any further episodes of coronary vasospasm. Mediastinal infection secondary to anastomotic leak post esophagectomy, can lead to pericarditis, which in turn can present as MINOCA.https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/merf2020caserpt/1000/thumbnail.jp

Checking T and CPT violation with sterile neutrino

Post LSND results, sterile neutrinos have drawn attention and motivated the high energy physics, astronomy and cosmology to probe physics beyond the standard model considering minimal 3+1 (3 active and 1 sterile) to 3+N neutrino schemes. The analytical equations for neutrino conversion probabilities are developed in this work for 3+1 neutrino scheme. Here, we have tried to explore the possible signals of T and CPT violations with four flavor neutrino scheme at neutrino factory. Values of sterile parameters considered in this analysis are taken from two different types of neutrino experiments viz. long baseline experiments and reactor+atmospheric experiments. In this work golden and discovery channels are selected for the investigation of T violation. While observing T violation we stipulate that neutrino factory working at 50 GeV energy have the potential to observe the T violation signatures for the considered range of baselines(3000 km-7500 km). The ability of neutrino factory for constraining CPT violation is enhanced with increase in energy for normal neutrino mass hierarchy(NH). Neutrino factory with the exposure time of 500 kt-yr will be able to capture CPT violation with $\delta c_{31}\geq 3.6\times10^{-23}$ GeV at 3$\sigma$ level for NH and for IH with $\delta c_{31}\geq 4\times10^{-23}$ GeV at 3$\sigma$ level

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge regarding Aroma Therapy among the Nursing Students at Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, (DU) Loni, Ahmednagar

The art of aroma therapy has been practiced since ancient civilizations such as the Egyptian. Since 1990, nurses have considered that the increased technology of health care their ability to practice holistic care which is positively entrenchedin the philosophy of nursing