História e atualidade da especialidade de Psiquiatria de Guantánamo

Introduction: Psychiatry has come a long way throughout the history of humanity, it is the branch of medical sciences that deals with the study of mental illnesses. Currently the science that deals with the study of the psyche of man as a social being is considered. The research problem started from the need to offer references related to the current contextualization of the evolution of Psychiatry in Guantánamo.Objective: to collect information concerning the historical evolution of the specialty of Psychiatry in this province. Method: a historical research was carried out, through reviews of various bibliographies, interviews with experts, pioneering doctors and health professionals who studied the subject in question. Results: information was collected regarding the historical evolution of Guantanamo Psychiatry, where the general and founding aspects of the specialty before and after 1959 (decade of the 70s, 80s, 90s and present) are related.Final considerations: Guantanamo Psychiatry evolves in a revealing way and is currently applying the clinical method for its care until it has mental health teams throughout the province, providing quality care, laying the foundations with the introduction of new guidelines for promotion of mental health and prevention of mental disorders, diagnosis of mental diseases, treatment and rehabilitation of people who suffer from them.Introducción: la Psiquiatría ha recorrido un largo camino a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad, es la rama de las ciencias médicas que se ocupa del estudio de las enfermedades mentales. Actualmente se considera la ciencia que se ocupa del estudio del psiquismo del hombre como ser social. El problema de investigación partió de la necesidad de ofrecer referentes relacionados con la contextualización actual de la evolución de la Psiquiatría en Guantánamo. Objetivo: recopilar información concerniente a la evolución histórica de la especialidad de Psiquiatría en esta provincia. Método: se realizó una investigación de corte histórico, a través de revisiones de diversas bibliografías, entrevista a expertos, galenos precursores y profesionales de la salud estudiosos del tema en cuestión. Resultados: se recopiló información concerniente con la evolución histórica de la Psiquiatría guantanamera, donde se relacionan los aspectos generales y fundadores de la especialidad antes y después de 1959 (década de los 70, 80, 90 y actualidad).Consideraciones finales: la Psiquiatría guantanamera evoluciona de forma reveladora y aplicando actualmente para su atención el método clínico hasta llegar a tener equipos de salud mental en toda la provincia, brindando una atención de calidad, asentando las bases con la introducción de las nuevas pautas para la promoción de la salud mental y prevención de los trastornos psíquicos, diagnóstico de las enfermedades mentales, tratamiento y rehabilitación de las personas que las padecen.Introdução: a Psiquiatria já percorreu um longo caminho ao longo da história da humanidade, é o ramo das ciências médicas que trata do estudo das doenças mentais. Atualmente é considerada a ciência que trata do estudo do psiquismo do homem como ser social. O problema de pesquisa partiu da necessidade de oferecer referências relacionadas à atual contextualização da evolução da Psiquiatria em Guantánamo.Objetivo: recolher informação sobre a evolução histórica da especialidade da Psiquiatria nesta província. Método: foi realizada uma pesquisa histórica, por meio de revisões de bibliografias diversas, entrevistas com especialistas, médicos pioneiros e profissionais de saúde que estudaram o assunto em questão. Resultados: foram coletadas informações sobre a evolução histórica da Psiquiatria de Guantánamo, onde se relacionam os aspectos gerais e fundadores da especialidade antes e depois de 1959 (década de 70, 80, 90 e atual). Considerações finais: a Psiquiatria de Guantánamo evolui de forma reveladora e atualmente está aplicando o método clínico ao seu atendimento até que conta com equipes de saúde mental em toda a província, proporcionando atendimento de qualidade, lançando as bases com a introdução de novas diretrizes de promoção da saúde mental e prevenção de transtornos mentais, diagnóstico de doenças mentais, tratamento e reabilitação de pessoas que deles sofrem

History and present of the specialty of Psychiatry in Guantánamo

Introduction: Psychiatry has come a long way throughout the history of humanity, it is the branch of medical sciences that deals with the study of mental illnesses. Currently the science that deals with the study of the psyche of man as a social being is considered. The research problem started from the need to offer references related to the current contextualization of the evolution of Psychiatry in Guantánamo. Objective: to collect information concerning the historical evolution of the specialty of Psychiatry in this province. Method: a historical research was carried out, through reviews of various bibliographies, interviews with experts, pioneering doctors and health professionals who studied the subject in question. Results: information was collected regarding the historical evolution of Guantanamo Psychiatry, where the general and founding aspects of the specialty before and after 1959 (decade of the 70s, 80s, 90s and present) are related. Final considerations: Guantanamo Psychiatry evolves in a revealing way and is currently applying the clinical method for its care until it has mental health teams throughout the province, providing quality care, laying the foundations with the introduction of new guidelines for promotion of mental health and prevention of mental disorders, diagnosis of mental diseases, treatment and rehabilitation of people who suffer from them

Comparative analysis about syphilis behavior in pregnant women from the University Polyclinic "Emilio Daudinot Bueno", Guantánamo 2020

Introduction: sexually transmitted infections (STI) in women of childbearing age are a significant problem in maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Pregnant women with untreated syphilis have high rates of poor pregnancy outcomes. Objective: to characterize the behavior of syphilis in pregnant women at the "Emilio Daudinot Bueno" University Polyclinic, in the quarters January-March 2019 and January-March 2020. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. The universe was made up of the 197 pregnant women existing in the period and a purposeful sample of 8 patients diagnosed with syphilis was selected. The data collection instrument used was the clinical records of the pregnant women and the control book in the STI department. The variables studied were: age group, schooling level, pregnancy quarter, diagnostic conclusion and origin. Results: 2% of pregnant women with syphilis were between the ages of 15-20 in both periods. The first quarter of gestation was the most influential, with a predominance of 60% in 2019. 75% of diagnosed cases were early latent acquired syphilis. The level of university education was the most predominant in both quarters. 100% were of urban origin. Conclusions: gestational syphilis remains a public health problem. In the study conducted there was a decrease in patients reported with syphilis during gestation despite the total number of pregnant women

Caracterización epidemiológica de pacientes hipertensos de un Consultorio Médico de Familia

Introduction: hypertension is a very prevalent cardiovascular risk factor in worldwide, which is especially overwhelming in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: to characterize the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with hypertension. Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out at the Family Doctor´s Office No. 4 associated to the Policlínico Universitario "4 de Agosto" in Guantánamo municipality, period time January to June 2021, with the total of 173 patients (as universe) diagnosed with arterial hypertension. In the statistical analysis, variables such as age, sex, smoking, alcoholism, work performed, physical activity and body mass index were used through the SPSS 23.0 statistical package; descriptive indicators were obtained, as well as totals and percentages.Result: hypertension prevailed in the age group over 60 years old which represented 46.8%, sedentary patients according to the body mass index (152 patients, 89.9%), and, the group that had the greatest incidence was the retired one (50 retired patients from different work professions) (28.9%).Conclusions: hypertension occurs mainly in men, sedentary and over 60 years of age. Retired people followed by unemployed one were predominant.Introducción: la hipertensión arterial es un factor de riesgo cardiovascular muy prevalente en el mundo, que es especialmente abrumador en los países de bajos y medianos ingresos. Objetivo: caracterizar desde el perfil epidemiológico a pacientes diagnosticados con hipertensión arterial. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en el Consultorio Médico de la Familia No. 4 perteneciente al Policlínico Universitario "4 de Agosto" del municipio Guantánamo, en el periodo de enero a junio de 2021, con un universo de 173 pacientes diagnosticados con hipertensión arterial. En el análisis estadístico se utilizaron variables como la edad, el sexo, tabaquismo, alcoholismo, labor que realizan, actividad física e índice de  masa  corporal, a  través  del  paquete estadístico SPSS 23,0; se obtuvieron los indicadores descriptivos, así como los totales y los porcentajes. Resultado: se observó la prevalencia del grupo etario mayor de 60 años que representó el 46,8 %, predominaron 152 sujetos sedentarios para un 87,9 % de acuerdo al índice de masa corporal, según la labor que realizaron el grupo que más incidió fueron los jubilados con 50 pacientes para un 28,9 %.Conclusiones: la hipertensión arterial se presenta principalmente en hombres, sedentarios y mayor de 60 años, donde los jubilados seguido de los desempleados fue la labor predominante

Análisis comparativo sobre el comportamiento de sífilis en gestantes del Policlínico Universitario “Emilio Daudinot Bueno”, Guantánamo 2020

Introduction: sexually transmitted infections (STI) in women of childbearing age are a significant problem in maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Pregnant women with untreated syphilis have high rates of poor pregnancy outcomes.Objective: to characterize the behavior of syphilis in pregnant women at the "Emilio Daudinot Bueno" University Polyclinic, in the quarters January-March 2019 and January-March 2020. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. The universe was made up of the 197 pregnant women existing in the period and a purposeful sample of 8 patients diagnosed with syphilis was selected. The data collection instrument used was the clinical records of the pregnant women and the control book in the STI department. The variables studied were: age group, schooling level, pregnancy quarter, diagnostic conclusion and origin. Results: 2% of pregnant women with syphilis were between the ages of 15-20 in both periods. The first quarter of gestation was the most influential, with a predominance of 60% in 2019. 75% of diagnosed cases were early latent acquired syphilis. The level of university education was the most predominant in both quarters. 100% were of urban origin.Conclusions: gestational syphilis remains a public health problem. In the study conducted there was a decrease in patients reported with syphilis during gestation despite the total number of pregnant women.Introducción: las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) en mujeres en edad fértil constituyen un significativo problema en la morbimortalidad materno-infantil. La gestante con sífilis no tratada tiene altas tasas de resultados desfavorables de su embarazo.Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de la sífilis en gestantes del Policlínico Universitario “Emilio Daudinot Bueno”, en los trimestres enero-marzo de 2019 y enero-marzo de 2020.Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. El universo se conformó por las 197 gestantes existentes en el período, se seleccionó una muestra intencionada de 8 pacientes diagnosticadas con sífilis. El instrumento de recolección de datos utilizados fueron las historias clínicas de las embarazadas y el libro de control en departamento de ITS. Se estudiaron las variables: grupo etario, nivel de escolaridad, trimestre de gestación, conclusión diagnóstica y procedencia. Resultados: el 2 % de las gestantes con sífilis se encontró en las edades comprendidas entre los 15-20 años en ambos períodos. El primer trimestre de la gestación fue el que más incidió, con un predominio del 60 % en 2019. El 75 % de los casos diagnosticados fue de sífilis temprana adquirida latente. El nivel de escolaridad universitario fue el que más predominó en ambos trimestres. El 100 % resultó ser de procedencia urbana. Conclusiones: la sífilis gestacional continúa siendo un problema de salud pública. En el estudio hubo una disminución de las pacientes notificadas con sífilis durante la gestación a pesar del total de gestante