Dynamics of nest defense in the Mediterranean labrid fish Symphodus ocellatus (Forsskål, 1775). I. Agonistic behaviour between nesting territorial male and five other labrid species

peer reviewedThis research in the field consists of a study of interspecific agonistic behaviour of territorial male in Symphodus ocellatus. This behaviour is useful for brood and nest defense. Four questions involving Symphodus ocellatus towards S. tinca, S. mediterraneus, S. roissali, Thalassoma pavo et Coris julis were investigated. The questions of interest were: (1) aggressors or intruders motivations (predation of the brood (a) and/or territorial conflicts (b)), (2) the recognition of this or that species (recognition studied with selective attacks by territorial male), (3) the organ(s) of perception used for this recognition and (4) the importance of territorial male investment in nest defense; this role could ensure a successful reproduction of the species. Our observations and experimentations (tested labrid fishes presented to T. males) allow us to affirm that in S. ocellatus, nesting territorial males recognize the various tested labrid fishes; that the organ of perception used for social recognition is the visual channel; that spawn protection insured by territorial male, a task guided by his visual system, is necessary towards menace of his congeners, but also the other fishes living in his habitat. Nevertheless, if it’s becoming clear that the Mediterranean labrid fishes have the ability to recognize and preferentially interact with particular individuals, the answer of the question 1, concerning aggressors motivations, is not yet clearly known.Cette recherche "in situ" consiste en une étude des comportements agonistiques interspécifiques chez le mâle territorial de Symphodus ocellatus, comportements impliqués dans la défense du nid et des oeufs. Quatre questions impliquant Symphodus ocellatus face à S. tinca, S. mediterraneus, S. roissali, Thalassoma pavo et Coris julis ont été examinées. Les questions concernaient: (1) les motivations des agresseurs ou des intrus (prédation sur les oeufs (a) et/ou conflits territoriaux (b)), (2) la reconnaissance de telle ou telle espèce (connaissance reflétée par des attaques sélectives), (3) le canal perceptif utilisé pour cette reconnaissance et (4) l'importance de l'investissement du mâle territorial dans la défense du nid, rôle qui assurerait le succès reproducteur de l'espèce. Nos observations et nos expérimentations (poissons labridés testés, présentés aux mâles T.) permettent d'affirmer que chez S. ocellatus, les mâles territoriaux nidificateurs reconnaissent les différents Labridés testés; que le canal perceptif utilisé pour la reconnaissance sociale est le canal visuel; que la protection du frai apportée par le mâle territorial, tâche guidée par ses moyens visuels, est nécessaire face aux dangers que représentent ses congénères, mais aussi les autres poissons partageant son habitat. Cependant, même s’il semble évident que les Labridés méditerranéens ont l'aptitude de reconnaître et d'interagir préférentiellement avec des individus particuliers, la réponse à la question 1, concernant les motivations des agresseurs, n'est, elle, pas encore clairement tranchée

Dynamics of nest defense in the mediterranean labrid fish Symphodus ocellatus (Forsskål, 1775). II. Aggressive behaviour of nesting territorial male towards gasteropod molluscs

peer reviewedThis field research examines aggressive behaviour towards gasteropod molluscs in nesting territorial male of Symphodus ocellatus. This behaviour is useful for brood and nest defense. Four questions involving Symphodus ocellatus towards gasteropod molluscs were investigated. Questions of interest were: (1) selective cleaning of the nest according to possible predation danger of molluscs on the eggs, (2) visual recognition of natural mollusc from artificially coloured lure, (3) colours discriminating abilities by the visual system and, more generally (4) the importance of territorial male investment in nest defense; this role could ensure a successful reproduction of the species. Our observations and experimentations (coloured dummies) allow us to conclude that in Symphodus ocellatus, nesting territorial males clean every time their nest, any gasteropod mollusc species whatever; that they have sufficient knowledge of their usual biological environment to be able to discriminate a gasteropod mollusc from a dummy; that the organ of perception used for social recognition is the visual channel constituted by a neural system competent to perceive colours finely , a special quality which support the theory about the use of one preferential colour (red for S.ocellatus) for visual communication; that fry protection insured by territorial male, a task guided by his visual system, is necessary considering dangers from some gasteropod molluscs living in his habitat

Assessment of quality of life in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders

peer reviewedDefinition and measure of quality of life (QoL) raise many conceptual and methodological problems. Its assessment in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders is relatively recent. It uses self-assessment or proxy assessment tools. These are the subject of much debate and involve some biases. Current research mainly aims to assess the global level of Alzheimer's QoL, specify the impact of disease and identify the factors that influence it. Data resulting from recent studies using a same instrument, the Alzheimer’s Disease Related Quality of Life (ADRQL), show that the decrease in QoL is less catastrophic than what is usually stated. This is influenced by the level of dependency, by cognitive deficits and especially psychological and behavioural disorders. Moreover, QoL does not seem to decrease linearly during the staging. It may have periods of stability despite the worsening of cognitive impairment. QoL does not appear to be higher in subjects living at home. Current data could contribute to ethical debates about the meaning to life of Alzheimer persons, on their end-of-life and the finality of care

La place de la supervision en thérapie comportementale et cognitive en Europe

La formation en psychothérapie comportementale et cognitive en Europe suit des exigences variées selon les pays, malgré les standards communs de formation dans ce domaine émis par l'EABCT. En général les pays qui ont une réglementation légale de la psychothérapie ont des critères de reconnaissance plus sévères que ceux de l'EABCT, alors que les autres tendent à s'aligner sur les règles de l'Association. Dans les programmes de formation, le rôle de la supervision varie également d'un pays à l'autre. Ces variations touchent aussi bien la quantité de supervisions demandées, ses modalités d'application, que les critères de reconnaissance des superviseurs. L'EABCT a récemment publié des recommandations pour la reconnaissance des superviseurs, pour garantir que les superviseurs soient spécifiquement formés à cette activité. Ces critères sont plus sévères que ceux de la plupart des associations de TCC ou des règlementations nationales du titre de psychothérapeute, ce qui peut poser des problèmes d'implémentation, même dans les pays qui disposent d'une législation en matière de psychothérapie. Nous assistons à une tendance allant vers une professionnalisation plus grande de l'activité de supervision. Cette professionnalisation, pour autant qu'elle soit scientifiquement fondée, mérite sans doute d'être défendue. Il s'agira cependant d'être attentif au fait qu'un excès de règlements ne bloque pas les possibilités de formation et par conséquence la diffusion des TCC, notamment dans les régions où elles sont encore peu implantées

QOL evaluation of old people: current state and use of the Quality of Life Systemic Inventory (QLSI©)

This study approaches the question of the evolution of the quality of life (QOL) measures in older patient populations. On base of the report of the weak number of instruments specifically adapted to this population and of the absence of instruments taking into account both the expectations and the priorities of the individuals, we wished to make the adaptation of a tool for adult, the Quality of life Systematic Inventory (QLSI©). In this prospect, the main aim of this preliminary research was to test the evaluative approach of the QLSI© within a population of old people and to obtain useful information for the construction of a version of the QLSI© for old people. 135 voluntary subjects, from 65 to 85 years old, living at home and having a good health participated in the study. The questionnaire revealed a good QOL which could be explained by the combination of diverse factors such as a good current situation, a lesser importance given to the diverse life domains and the relatively weak goals. The results demonstrated the relevance of the QLSI© but also showed the necessity of certain modifications to make this questionnaire more specific to the old person

The use of topographic numeric imaging tools and computerized video tracking systems to study the reproductive behavior in fish : towards a « field-lab » integrative approach. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Methods and Techniques in Behavioral Research - Measuring Behavio

peer reviewe

The Quality of Life Systemic Inventory for old people (QLSI-65+©) : preliminary validation

Cet article aborde la mesure de la qualité de vie des personnes âgées au travers de l’étude préliminaire de validation (applicabilité, fidélité, validité) d’un questionnaire spécifiquement adapté à cette population : l’Inventaire Systémique de Qualité de Vie pour personnes âgées (ISQV-65+©). Cette validation repose sur un échantillon de 54 adultes non institutionnalisés âgés entre 65 et 85 ans. Tous ont répondu à un questionnaire sociodémographique et médical, à l’ISQV-65+©, à l’Echelle de Dépression Gériatrique (EDG) et à l’Echelle de Satisfaction de Vie (ESV). Les résultats montrent une bonne applicabilité de l’ISQV-65+©. La consistance interne des indices (Etat, But, Rang et Ecart) est très satisfaisante. Tous ces indices sont corrélés entre eux de manière variable (fidélité). Les corrélations entre les scores ISQV-65+© globaux d’Etat, de But et d’Ecart et les scores totaux à l’ESV et à l’EDG sont significatives (validité convergente). Enfin, les scores ISQV-65+© globaux d’Etat, de But et d’Ecart de l’échantillon sont significativement meilleurs que ceux de 17 aidants informels de personnes démentes (validité en termes de différences attendues entre deux groupes).This article discusses the measurement of quality of life for old people through the preliminary validation study (applicability, reliability and validity) of a questionnaire specifically designed for this population: the Quality of Life Systemic Inventory for old people (QLSI-65+©). This validation is based on a sample of 54 non-institutionalized adults aged 65 to 85 years. All completed a sociodemographic and medical questionnaire, the QLSI-65+©, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The results show a good applicability of the QLSI-65+©. The internal consistency of the indices (State, Goal, Rank and Gap) is very satisfactory. All indices are correlated each other to varying degrees (reliability). Correlations between State, Goal and Gap QLSI-65+© global scores and GDS and SWLS total scores are significant (convergent validity). Finally, State, Goal and Gap QLSI-65+© global scores of the sample are significantly better than those of 17 informal caregivers of people with dementia (validity in terms of know group differences)