European Perspective of Kosovo

Kosovo's relations with the EU continued to intensify the darting steps, especially fromJune 1999, when Kosovo came under the supervision and administration of UNMIK,where the mission of the United Nations Interim in Kosovo was based on Resolution1244 Security Council of the United Nations. As of this moment, the European Unionhas been an integral part of the effort to build new relations with Kosovo.1 The EU as aunited terse as its motto is "united in diversity" has given a great contribution toinstitution building and support economic, political, and this reinforces the continuityis increasingly in the years ongoing. European Union, together with member states,especially triggered by the European Commission played a role in the construction andpermanent development of Kosovo, and this fact becomes more bested that offermore constructive and help Kosovo.2 Over 2 billion euros in aid, are provided to assistthe processes in Kosovo by the European Commission from 1999 until the declarationof independence, it initially focused on support actions for emergency assistance andreconstruction in Kosovo, after stabilization of the EU, Concentrate on encouragingthe development of stable institutions and sustainable economic development toensure a European future for Kosovo

Police Reforms in Peace Agreements, 1975–2011: Introducing the PRPA dataset

This article presents new data on provisions for police reform in peace agreements (PRPA) between 1975 and 2011. The PRPA dataset complements past research on the determinants and effects of specific terms in agreements with detailed data on police reform provisions. The PRPA dataset also adds a quantitative dimension to the thus far largely qualitative literature on post-conflict security sector reform (SSR). It includes information on six subtypes of police reform: capacity, training, human rights standards, accountability, force composition, and international training and monitoring. We show that there is currently a high global demand for the regulation of police reform through peace agreements: police reform provisions are now more regularly included in agreements than settlement terms that call for power-sharing or elections. We observe interesting variations in the inclusion of police reform provisions in relation to past human rights violations, regime type, or the scope of international peacekeeping prior to negotiations, and illustrate the implications of police reform provisions for the duration of post-conflict peace. Finally, we stimulate ideas on how scholars and policymakers can use the PRPA dataset in future to study new questions on post-conflict police reform

Donor activities and civil society potential in Iraq

Sloan Mann; Ylber Bajraktar

Exploration of Physico-Chemical Parameters in Environmental Matrices of the River Cerica and a Segment of the River Drini I Bardhë

A study investigated physicochemical parameters in environmental matrices along the river Cerica waters. A correlation between the actual level of pollution of this river and its impact on the Drini i Bardhë River was determined. The extent of its pollution, was conducted following the identification of pollution sources, which consequently allowing to determine the necessary steps for their isolation. The monitoring of heavy metals, physicochemical parameters, nutrients was carried out in all country-sample (locations). In particular, there where significant sources of pollution of surface waters, as a result of industrial activities and wastewater discharge. Determining of the locations and heavy metals concentrations was carried out in sediments and agricultural lands in this region, with the purpose to reflect the actual state. Keywords: Drini i Bardhë, Cerica, water quality, sediment, soil, pollution, monitoring