Halo Properties and Mass Functions of Groups/Clusters from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys DR9

Based on a large group/cluster catalog recently constructed from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys DR9 using an extended halo-based group finder, we measure and model the group-galaxy weak lensing signals for groups/clusters in a few redshift bins within redshift range $0.1 \leqslant z<0.6$. Here, the background shear signals are obtained based on the DECaLS survey shape catalog derived with the \textsc{Fourier\_Quad} method. We divide the lens samples into 5 equispaced redshift bins and 7 mass bins, which allow us to probe the redshift and mass dependence of the lensing signals and hence the resulting halo properties. In addition to these sample selections, we have also checked the signals around different group centers, e.g., brightest central galaxy (BCG), luminosity weighted center and number weighted center. We use a lensing model that includes off-centering to describe the lensing signals we measure for all mass and redshift bins. The results demonstrate that our model predictions for the halo masses, bias and concentrations are stable and self-consistent among different samples for different group centers. Taking advantage of the very large and complete sample of groups/clusters, as well as the reliable estimation of their halo masses, we provide measurements of the cumulative halo mass functions up to redshift $z=0.6$, with a mass precision at $0.03\sim0.09$ dex.Comment: revised version submitted to Ap

Trait evaluation and trial cultivation of Dongfang No. 2, the hybrid of a male gametophyte clone of Laminaria longissima (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) and a female one of L. japonica

Direct cultivation of the first filial generation of gametophyte clones from different Laminaria species is a highly effective way of utilizing kelp heterozygous vigor (heterosis). A male gametophyte clone of L. longissima Miyabe and a female one of L. japonica Areschoug were hybridized, generating Dongfang No. 2 hybrid kelp. This hybrid kelp was used directly in trial cultivation, and its agronomical traits were evaluated. L. longissima and L. japonica are obviously different and complement each other in their morphological characteristics and ecological performances. The hybrid of their gametophyte clones, Dongfang No. 2, showed 56.8% heterozygous vigor in yield. It also showed increased yields of 41.0 and 76.4% compared to the widely used commercial kelps Variety 1 and Variety 2, respectively. In large-scale cultivation trials at different locations and in different years, Dongfang No. 2 attained significantly higher yields than Varieties 1 and 2, increasing yield by 26.4% on average over Variety 1 and by 65.0% over the other. Dongfang No. 2 has a robust holdfast and a wide, long and deep-brown uniform blade, which shows a distinct middle groove. In addition to yield, Dongfang No. 2 also demonstrates obvious heterozygous vigor in other agronomic traits. It is resistant to strong irradiance, as the two commercial varieties are, has an appropriate vegetative maturation time, and adapts well to a range of different culture conditions. The parentage analysis using AFLP of total DNA and SNP of the ITS region of ribosomal RNA transcription unit showed that Dongfang No. 2 is the real hybrid of L. japonica and L. longissima

SPFD-Based Global Rewiring

This paper presents the theory and algorithm for SPFD-based global rewiring (SPFD-GR). SPFD-GR allows us to globally replace a target wire with some alternative wire possibly far away from the target. It successfully overcomes the limitations of the existing SPFD-based local rewiring algorithm (SPFD-LR), which can only replace a wire with another wire that has the same destination node. In order to perform SPFD-based global rewiring, we developed the theory and algorithm for solving a fundamental problem in SPFD-based rewiring: Given the in-pin functions of a node and the SPFD at the node&apos;s out-pin, is there a way to modify the node&apos;s internal function so that the SPFD at the node&apos;s out-pin can be satisfied? Combined with a state-of-the-art partitioning algorithm, SPFD-GR scales well to large circuits with good synthesis quality. Our SPFD-based rewiring algorithm is ideal for LUT-based FPGAs, where the node&apos;s internal function can be changed freely without any area or delay penalty. Extensive experimental results show that for LUT-based FPGAs, the rewiring ability of SPFD-GR (in terms of the number of wires that have alternative wires) is 1.45, and 3 times that of SPFD-LR and an ATPG-based rewiring algorithm (with a preliminary experimental flow), respectively, while the run time is quite acceptable. When applied to the post-mapping area reduction for large LUT-based FPGAs under circuit depth restriction, SPFD-GR achieves 17.1% average area reduction, with no or little delay increase

Analysis to Input Current Zero Crossing Distortion of Bridgeless Rectifier Operating under Different Power Factors

The principles and operating characteristics of bridgeless rectifiers under different power factors are discussed with emphasis on analyzing the input current distortion. Firstly, two driving modes are analyzed and compared. Based on the results of comparison it is concluded that the complementary drive mode is a better choice in terms of reducing the current distortion when bridgeless rectifier operates on non-unity power factor. Then, the mechanism causing input current zero-crossing distortion is analyzed. The input current during the distortion is expressed by the piecewise function when a bridgeless rectifier operates under complementary drive mode. Based on the piecewise function, the harmonic analysis is performed. Besides, the relationships between the input current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and the filtering inductance, the input current amplitude and the power factor angle are also investigated, which is useful when designing bridgeless rectifiers and selecting the corresponding parameters. Finally, the accuracy of the theoretical analysis is verified through the simulation and experiment

ProgSG: Cross-Modality Representation Learning for Programs in Electronic Design Automation

Recent years have witnessed the growing popularity of domain-specific accelerators (DSAs), such as Google's TPUs, for accelerating various applications such as deep learning, search, autonomous driving, etc. To facilitate DSA designs, high-level synthesis (HLS) is used, which allows a developer to compile a high-level description in the form of software code in C and C++ into a design in low-level hardware description languages (such as VHDL or Verilog) and eventually synthesized into a DSA on an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) or FPGA (field-programmable gate arrays). However, existing HLS tools still require microarchitecture decisions, expressed in terms of pragmas (such as directives for parallelization and pipelining). To enable more people to design DSAs, it is desirable to automate such decisions with the help of deep learning for predicting the quality of HLS designs. This requires us a deeper understanding of the program, which is a combination of original code and pragmas. Naturally, these programs can be considered as sequence data, for which large language models (LLM) can help. In addition, these programs can be compiled and converted into a control data flow graph (CDFG), and the compiler also provides fine-grained alignment between the code tokens and the CDFG nodes. However, existing works either fail to leverage both modalities or combine the two in shallow or coarse ways. We propose ProgSG allowing the source code sequence modality and the graph modalities to interact with each other in a deep and fine-grained way. To alleviate the scarcity of labeled designs, a pre-training method is proposed based on a suite of compiler's data flow analysis tasks. Experimental results on two benchmark datasets show the superiority of ProgSG over baseline methods that either only consider one modality or combine the two without utilizing the alignment information.Comment: Requires further polishin

Bitwidth-aware scheduling and binding in high-level synthesis

Many high-level description languages, such as C/C++ or Java, lack the capability to specify the bitwidth information for variables and operations. Synthesis from these specifications without bitwidth analysis may introduce wasted resources. Furthermore, conventional high-level synthesis techniques usually focus on uniform-width resources, thus they cannot obtain the full resource savings even with bitwidth information. This work develops a bitwidth-aware synthesis flow, including bitwidth analysis, scheduling and binding, and register allocation and binding, to exploit the multi-birwidth nature of operations and variables for area-efficient designs. We also develop lower bound estimation to evaluate the efficiency of our proposed solutions for register allocation and binding. The flow is implemented in the MCAS synthesis system [11]. Experimental results show that our proposed bitwidth-aware synthesis flow reduces area by 36% and wire-length by 52% on average compared to the uniform-width MCAS flow, while achieving the same performance. ? 2005 IEEE.EI

Bitwidth-Aware Scheduling and Binding in High-Level Synthesis

Abstract- Many high-level description languages, such as C/C++ or Java, lack the capability to specify the bitwidth information for variables and operations. Synthesis from these specifications without bitwidth analysis may introduce wasted resources. Furthermore, conventional high-level synthesis techniques usually focus on uniform-width resources, thus they cannot obtain the full resource savings even with bitwidth information. This work develops a bitwidth-aware synthesis flow, including bitwidth analysis, scheduling and binding, and register allocation and binding, to exploit the multi-bitwidth nature of operations and variables for area-efficient designs. We also develop lower bound estimation to evaluate the efficiency of our proposed solutions for register allocation and binding. The flow is implemented in the MCAS synthesis system [11]. Experimental results show that our proposed bitwidth-aware synthesis flow reduces area by 36 % and wire-length by 52 % on average compared to the uniform-width MCAS flow, while achieving the same performance. I

Environmental DNA Captures Variations in Fish Assemblages with Distance from Dams in Karst Reservoirs

Dam impoundment can cause many adverse impacts on fish assemblages upstream of dams. Here, we investigated fish diversity in one plateau riverine reservoir (Wanfeng Reservoir) using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding technology. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) 39 species of fish were monitored belonging to 9 orders and 13 families in the Wanfeng Reservoir, most of which were Cypriniformes and included a variety of common farmed fish belonging to Culter, Oreochromis, Acipenser, and Clarias; (2) the fish assemblage structures in the Up (upstream section), Mid (midstream section), and RA (reservoir area section) of this reservoir was significantly different (p-value p-value p-value < 0.05) were the main environmental stressors causing differences in fish assemblages in different sites of the Wanfeng Reservoir. This study concluded that dam construction in the karst region provided habitats for the establishment and dispersal of exotic fish