Microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-drawn pearlitic wires affect by inherited texture

Pearlitic steel rods with inherited texture (IT) were prepared from pre-drawing followed by austenitization treatment. Effects of inherited texture on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-drawn pearlitic wires were investigated. The 〈1. 1. 0〉 texture of ferrite increased with drawing strain and became saturated when strain reached about 2.0. However, wires with IT showed a higher 〈1. 1. 0〉 texture intensity. The ratio of bent over straight pearlite colonies in wires with IT were about 20% lower than that of wire without IT in drawing. Additionally, Wires with IT showed a greater work hardening rate. Tensile strength of wires without IT increased from 1260. MPa to 3010. MPa as drawing strain increased to 3.5, while wire with IT exhibited an 7% increase in tensile strength (i.e., up to 3230. MPa). Torsion angle of wires with IT were about 13% higher than that of wires without IT. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that wires with IT have higher thermal stability

Simulation research on corrosion and thinning characteristics of water wall tubes based on electric field array

During service, the water wall tube will inevitably corrode due to various corrosive gases such as SO2, HCl, H2S, etc. To prevent the occurrence of tube burst accidents caused by thinning and income-pressure resistance of the water wall tube, it is necessary to monitor the wall thickness of the water wall tube row in real-time. This paper proposes an array-based method for monitoring the thickness of the water wall tube row, and the different corrosion characteristics models of the water wall tube row are established by using the finite element analysis software Maxwell. Based on the model, the influence of tube wall thickness and material on measurement accuracy is analyzed by current density distribution and electric field intensity. The error of calculation formula is analyzed by simulating different corrosion conditions of tube wall thinning. The calculation formula of the wall thickness after the corrosion of the water wall tube row and the correction formula of the wall thickness of a single water wall tube with the correction coefficient α of 3 are determined. And put forward to define the ”generalized average thickness” of the water wall corrosion of multiple tubes, and determine the correct formula for calculating the thickness of the water wall tube row with a correction coefficient β of 0.85 to 0.95

Preparation and Characterization of a Type of Green Vacuum Insulation Panel Prepared with Straw Core Material

The Vacuum Insulation Panel (VIP), regarded as the most promising high-performance thermal insulation material, still has application limitations because of its high cost. In this paper, VIPs using natural straw as the core material are prepared. The fiber saturation point (FSP) is important in order to determine the optimum for the use of renewable straw materials as a potential VIP core. The microstructure of straw core material, together with the relationship between the moisture content, the diametral compression strength, and the thermal conductivity of as-prepared straw VIPs are investigated. Compression characteristics of straw core material and heat insulation mechanism within the straw VIP envelope enclosure are analyzed. Total thermal conductivity of a straw VIP is sensitive to both the inner pressure and the moisture content of straw core material. The optimum drying process for straw VIPs is heating the straw core material at a temperature of 120 ℃ for 60 min, with its center-of-panel value being about 3.8 mW/(m·K)

Study on the Catalytic Decomposition Reaction of N2O on MgO (100) in SO2 and CO Environments

To study the role of MgO in the reduction of N2O in circulating fluidized bed boilers, density functional theory was used to evaluate heterogeneous decomposition. The interference of SO2 and CO on N2O was considered. N2O on MgO (100) is a two-step process that includes O transfer and surface recovery processes. The O transfer process is the rate-determining step with barrier energy of 1.601 eV, while for the Langmuir–Hinshelwood and Eley–Rideal surface recovery mechanisms, the barrier energies are 0.840 eV and 1.502 eV, respectively. SO2 has a stronger interaction with the surface-active O site than that of N2O. SO2 will occupy the active site and hinder N2O decomposition. CO cannot improve the catalysis of MgO (100) for N2O because O transfer is the rate-determining step. Compared with homogeneous reduction by CO, MgO has a limited catalytic effect on N2O, where the barrier energy decreases from 1.691 eV to 1.601 eV

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Dihydropyranopyrazole Derivatives as Novel PDE2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) has been regarded as a novel target for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we obtained (R)-LZ77 as a hit compound with moderate PDE2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 261.3 nM) using a high-throughput virtual screening method based on molecular dynamics. Then, we designed and synthesized 28 dihydropyranopyrazole derivatives as PDE2 inhibitors. Among them, compound (+)-11h was the most potent PDE2 inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 41.5 nM. The molecular docking of PDE2-(+)-11h reveals that the 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)oxyl side chain of the compound enters the H-pocket and forms strong hydrophobic interactions with L770/L809/F862, which improves inhibitory activity. The above results may provide insight for further structural optimization of highly potent PDE2 inhibitors and may lay the foundation for their use in the treatment of AD

OpenOOD v1.5: Enhanced Benchmark for Out-of-Distribution Detection

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is critical for the reliable operation of open-world intelligent systems. Despite the emergence of an increasing number of OOD detection methods, the evaluation inconsistencies present challenges for tracking the progress in this field. OpenOOD v1 initiated the unification of the OOD detection evaluation but faced limitations in scalability and usability. In response, this paper presents OpenOOD v1.5, a significant improvement from its predecessor that ensures accurate, standardized, and user-friendly evaluation of OOD detection methodologies. Notably, OpenOOD v1.5 extends its evaluation capabilities to large-scale datasets such as ImageNet, investigates full-spectrum OOD detection which is important yet underexplored, and introduces new features including an online leaderboard and an easy-to-use evaluator. This work also contributes in-depth analysis and insights derived from comprehensive experimental results, thereby enriching the knowledge pool of OOD detection methodologies. With these enhancements, OpenOOD v1.5 aims to drive advancements and offer a more robust and comprehensive evaluation benchmark for OOD detection research.Comment: Submitted to NeurIPS Datasets & Benchmarks Track. See code at https://github.com/Jingkang50/OpenOOD/ and leaderboard at https://zjysteven.github.io/OpenOOD