Hormonal therapy is effective and safe for cryptorchidism caused by idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in adult males

BackgroundHormonal therapy is a reasonable treatment for cryptorchidism caused by idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). However, the clinical evidence on whether it is effective and safe for the treatment of cryptorchidism caused by IHH is lacking.AimTo evaluate the effect of hormonal therapy in testicular descent, puberty development, and spermatogenesis in adult males with cryptorchidism caused by IHH.MethodsThis retrospective study included 51 patients with cryptorchidism caused by IHH from the Andrology Clinic of University affiliated teaching hospital. Patients were divided into two groups: group A patients received hormonal therapy; group B patients received surgical treatment for cryptorchidism followed by hormonal therapy.ResultsThe rate of successful testicular descent following hormonal therapy (19/32 in group A) or surgical treatment (11/19 in group B) shows no statistically significant difference. There was also no statistically significant difference in penile length, Tanner stage of pubic hair, testicular volume, and success rate of spermatogenesis between the two groups. Testicular atrophy was seen in a single patient in group B.ConclusionsHormone therapy in adult males with cryptorchidism caused by IHH is effective and safe regarding testicular descent, puberty development, and spermatogenesis. This study provides new insight into the treatment of cryptorchidism caused by IHH and highlights that hormonal therapy could be an effective, safe, and economic treatment option for cryptorchidism in males caused by IHH

Gu jin da zhe xue jia zhi sheng huo yu si xiang 古今大哲學家之生活與思想

Translation of: The Story of philosoph

Numerical prediction of the energy efficiency of the three-dimensional fish school using the discretized Adomian decomposition method

A three-dimensional modeling of fish school performed by a modified Adomian decomposition method (ADM) discretized by the finite difference method is proposed. To our knowledge, few studies of the fish school are documented due to expensive cost of numerical computing and tedious three-dimensional data analysis. Here, we propose a simple model replied on the Adomian decomposition method to estimate the efficiency of energy saving of the flow motion of the fish school. First, the analytic solutions of Navier-Stokes equations are used for numerical validation. The influences of the distance between the side-by-side two fishes are studied on the energy efficiency of the fish school. In addition, the complete error analysis for this method is presented. Keywords: Fish school, Navier-Stokes, Adomian, AD

Prediction of high-pressure phases of Weyl semimetal NbAs and NbP

Abstract As the first known Weyl semimetals, binary compounds including TaP, TaAs, NbAs, and NbP have received worldwide interest. This work explored the phase behaviours of NbAs and NbP under high pressure up to 200 GPa via first-principles calculations combined with intelligent particle swarm optimization. Upon compression, a new phase of NbAs with P-6m2 symmetry appeared above 23 GPa and remained stable until 38 GPa, whereupon a monoclinic structure with space group P2 1 /c became more energetically favourable. This lasted until 73 GPa, when a Pm-3m phase followed. Surprisingly, NbP underwent a single phase transition around 63.5 GPa to a new phase with Cmcm symmetry that was completely distinct from the structures shown by TaAs-class compounds such as NbAs and TaAs. All these newly pressure-stabilized structures were dynamically stable at both high and ambient pressure. Electronic band structure calculations revealed a transition from semimetal to metal under high pressure. This work is meaningful and fundamental for future studies and applications of TaAs-class Weyl semimetals under compression or extreme conditions

A Novel Adjustment Method for Shearer Traction Speed through Integration of T-S Cloud Inference Network and Improved PSO

In order to efficiently and accurately adjust the shearer traction speed, a novel approach based on Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) cloud inference network (CIN) and improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) is proposed. The T-S CIN is built through the combination of cloud model and T-S fuzzy neural network. Moreover, the IPSO algorithm employs parameter automation adjustment strategy and velocity resetting to significantly improve the performance of basic PSO algorithm in global search and fine-tuning of the solutions, and the flowchart of proposed approach is designed. Furthermore, some simulation examples are carried out and comparison results indicate that the proposed method is feasible, efficient, and is outperforming others. Finally, an industrial application example of coal mining face is demonstrated to specify the effect of proposed system

Large third-order optical nonlinearity of non-stoichiometric chalcogenide glasses within Ge-In-S ternary system

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