Solar Ring Mission: Building a Panorama of the Sun and Inner-heliosphere

Solar Ring (SOR) is a proposed space science mission to monitor and study the Sun and inner heliosphere from a full 360{\deg} perspective in the ecliptic plane. It will deploy three 120{\deg}-separated spacecraft on the 1-AU orbit. The first spacecraft, S1, locates 30{\deg} upstream of the Earth, the second, S2, 90{\deg} downstream, and the third, S3, completes the configuration. This design with necessary science instruments, e.g., the Doppler-velocity and vector magnetic field imager, wide-angle coronagraph, and in-situ instruments, will allow us to establish many unprecedented capabilities: (1) provide simultaneous Doppler-velocity observations of the whole solar surface to understand the deep interior, (2) provide vector magnetograms of the whole photosphere - the inner boundary of the solar atmosphere and heliosphere, (3) provide the information of the whole lifetime evolution of solar featured structures, and (4) provide the whole view of solar transients and space weather in the inner heliosphere. With these capabilities, Solar Ring mission aims to address outstanding questions about the origin of solar cycle, the origin of solar eruptions and the origin of extreme space weather events. The successful accomplishment of the mission will construct a panorama of the Sun and inner-heliosphere, and therefore advance our understanding of the star and the space environment that holds our life.Comment: 41 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, to be published in Advances in Space Researc

Experimental Study on Submerged Horizontal Perforated Plates under Irregular Wave Conditions

This study presents novel analytical solutions for analyzing wave dissipation effect and bottom flow field characteristics of permeable submerged horizontal plates through physical model trials. The experimental results show that a solid submerged horizontal plate effectively attenuates wave cycles, with a greater periodic attenuation effect at smaller submerged depths. However, this attenuation effect becomes reduced or less pronounced after a certain threshold. Selecting an optimal opening ratio becomes key to achieving the desired cycle attenuation. When the inundation depth of the horizontal plate is large, the wave dissipation effect is weak. Reducing the opening rate can improve the wave dissipation effect, but only to a certain extent. Under irregular wave actions, the velocity field of the submerged horizontal plate is uniformly distributed. The relative submerged depth has minimal effect on the maximum flow velocity and root mean square flow velocity. Increasing the wave height and increasing the open holes on a plate can improve the flow velocity at the bottom of the plate. However, increasing the opening ratio also leads to insignificant changes in flow velocity. A correlation between the transmission coefficient of the open plate and the maximum flow velocity has also been determined. The findings of this paper serve as a research foundation for the implementation of submerged horizontal plate wave dissipation structures in engineering

Self-Healing Hydrogels with both LCST and UCST through Cross-Linking Induced Thermo-Response

Self-healing hydrogels have drawngreat attention in the past decade since the self-healing property is one of the characteristics of living creatures. In this study, poly(acrylamide-stat-diacetone acrylamide) P(AM-stat-DAA) with a pendant ketone group was synthesized from easy accessible monomers, and thermo-responsive self-healing hydrogels were prepared through a series of diacylhydrazide compounds cross-linking without any additional stimulus. Although the copolymers do not show thermo-response, the hydrogels became thermo-responsive andboth the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and upper critical solution temperature (UCST) varied with the composition of the copolymer and structure of cross-linkers. With a dynamic covalent bond connection, the hydrogel showed gel-sol-gel transition triggered by acidity, redox, and ketone to acylhydrazide group ratios. This is another interesting cross-linking induced thermo-responsive (CIT) hydrogel with different properties compared to PNIPAM-based thermo-responsive hydrogels. The self-healing hydrogel with CIT properties could have great potential for application in areas related to bioscience, life simulation, and temperature switching