Study on Effect of Product Liability to Inherent Safety

AbstractMany industry accidents and product liability problems occur in China in recent years. The safety of products not only influents public daily life, also affects industrial production. Product safety concept reflects the attitude of people to product safety, and is reflected in product liability system. The influences of different product liability system to the status of inherent safety were studied based on the analysis of the doctrine of liability fixation in different technology development period. It can be seen that there were still many problems in the product liability acts such as the standard and identification of product defects, compensation liability, which were not beneficial to improve the industry safety though strict liability has been accepted in our country. Therefore, product liability system should be improved, and the method of design defect determination should be established. At the same time, carrying out the risk evaluation of the products, increasing the amount and scope of compensation are also important to realize the product safety and industrial inherent safety

A Two Sample Test for High Dimensional Data with Applications to Gene-set Testing

We proposed a two sample test for means of high dimensional data when the data dimension is much larger than the sample size. The classical Hotelling's $T^2$ test does not work for this ``large p, small n" situation. The proposed test does not require explicit conditions on the relationship between the data dimension and sample size. This offers much flexibility in analyzing high dimensional data. An application of the proposed test is in testing significance for sets of genes, which we demonstrate in an empirical study on a Leukemia data set

Designing a blockchain enabled supply chain

While blockchain technologies are gaining momentum within supply chains, academic understanding of concrete, real-life design and implementation is still lagging, hence offering very limited insights into the true implications of blockchain technology on supply chains. This paper reports a two-year design science research (DSR) study of a smart contract initiative piloted by a consortium in the UK’s construction sector. We seek answers to the research question, ‘How should a blockchain enabled supply chain be designed?’ Guided by the theory of business model, we explore how a group of supply chain actors collectively designs and pilots a blockchain solution that addresses the supply chain transparency and provenance problem. Our research is one of the very few longitudinal empirical studies to offer in-depth evidence about how blockchain is deployed in complex multi-tier supply chain networks. In compliance with DSR research paradigm, we make contributions at three levels: designing and instantiating the blockchain architect and proving its utility in addressing the target problem; developing a set of design principles as a mid-range theory that can be applied and tested in different blockchain supply chain contexts; and refining and extending the kernel theory of business value at supply chain network level

Second-harmonic generation with broadened flattop bandwidth in aperiodic domain-inverted gratings

Abstract We report on a theoretical analysis for the broadened bandwidth of the fundamental waves in aperiodic gratings. The sequences and the length of the domains are optimized to realize the pre-designed wide bandwidth in the quasiphase-matched (QPM) second-harmonic generation (SHG) by the simulated annealing (SA) method. About 3 nm prescribed flattop bandwidth as the full width at 95% maximum with 25% reduction of the nonlinear coefficient relative to that of a perfectly periodic QPM grating are obtained. Domains overgrown owing to the room-temperature electric poling technique show little influence on the broad bandwidth of the fundamental waves. Ó 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V