201 research outputs found
TSST: A Benchmark and Evaluation Models for Text Speech-Style Transfer
Text style is highly abstract, as it encompasses various aspects of a
speaker's characteristics, habits, logical thinking, and the content they
express. However, previous text-style transfer tasks have primarily focused on
data-driven approaches, lacking in-depth analysis and research from the
perspectives of linguistics and cognitive science. In this paper, we introduce
a novel task called Text Speech-Style Transfer (TSST). The main objective is to
further explore topics related to human cognition, such as personality and
emotion, based on the capabilities of existing LLMs. Considering the objective
of our task and the distinctive characteristics of oral speech in real-life
scenarios, we trained multi-dimension (i.e. filler words, vividness,
interactivity, emotionality) evaluation models for the TSST and validated their
correlation with human assessments. We thoroughly analyze the performance of
several large language models (LLMs) and identify areas where further
improvement is needed. Moreover, driven by our evaluation models, we have
released a new corpus that improves the capabilities of LLMs in generating text
with speech-style characteristics. In summary, we present the TSST task, a new
benchmark for style transfer and emphasizing human-oriented evaluation,
exploring and advancing the performance of current LLMs.Comment: Working in progres
A comprehensive review on the ferroelectric orthochromates: Synthesis, property, and application
Multiferroics represent a class of advanced materials for promising
applications and stand at the forefront of modern science for the special
feature possessing both charge polar and magnetic order. Previous studies
indicate that the family of RECrO3 (RE = rare earth) compounds is likely
another rare candidate system holding both ferroelectricity and magnetism.
However, many issues remain unsolved, casting hot disputes about whether RECrO3
is multiferroic or not. For example, an incompatibility exists between reported
structural models and observed ferroelectric behaviors, and it is not easy to
determine the spin canting degree. To address these questions, one key step is
to grow single crystals because they can provide more reliable information than
other forms of matter do. In this review, the parent and doped ferroelectric
YCrO3 compounds are comprehensively reviewed based on scientific and patent
literatures from 1954 to 2022. The materials syntheses with different methods,
including poly-, nano-, and single-crystalline samples and thin films, are
summarized. The structural, magnetic, ferroelectric and dielectric, optical,
and chemical-pressure (on Y and Cr sites by doping) dependent chemical and
physical properties and the corresponding phase diagrams, are discussed.
Diverse (potential) applications, including anti-corrosion, magnetohydrodynamic
electrode, catalyst, negative-temperature-coefficient thermistor, magnetic
refrigeration, protective coating, and solid oxide fuel cell, are present. To
conclude, we summarize general results, reached consensuses, and existing
controversies of the past nearly 69 years of intensive studies and highlight
future research opportunities and emerging challenges to address existing
issues.Comment: 69 pages, 35 figures, accepted by Coordination Chemistry Review
Three-dimensional printing technique assisted cognitive fusion in targeted prostate biopsy
AbstractObjectiveTo explore the effect of 3-dimensional (3D) printing-assisted cognitive fusion on improvement of the positive rate in prostate biopsy.MethodsFrom August to December 2014, 16 patients with suspected prostatic lesions detected by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included. Targeted prostate biopsy was performed with the use of prostate 3D reconstruction modeling, computer-simulated biopsy, 3D printing, and cognitive fusion biopsy. All patients had received 3.0 T multiparametric MRI before biopsy. The DICOM MRI files were imported to medical imaging processing software for 3D reconstruction modeling to generate a printable .stl file for 3D printing with use of transparent resin as raw material. We further performed a targeted 2- to 3-core biopsy at suspected lesions spotted on MRI.ResultsFor the 16 patients in the present study, 3D modeling with cognitive fusion-based targeted biopsy was successfully performed. For a single patient, 1–2 lesions (average: 1.1 lesions) were discovered, followed by 2–6 cores (average: 2.4 cores) added as targeted biopsy. Systematic biopsies accounted for 192 cores in total, with a positive rate of 22.4%; targeted biopsies accounted for 39 cores in total, with a positive rate of 46.2%. Among these cases, 10 patients (62.5%) were diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma, in which seven were discovered by both systematic and targeted biopsy, one was diagnosed by systematic biopsy only, and two were diagnosed by targeted biopsy only. For systematic biopsy, Gleason score ranged from 6 to 8 (average: 7), while that for targeted biopsy ranged from 6 to 9 (average: 7.67). Among the seven patients that were diagnosed by both systematic and targeted biopsy, three (42.8%) were reported with a higher Gleason score in targeted therapy than in systematic biopsy.Conclusion3D printing-assisted cognitive fusion technique markedly promoted positive rate in prostate biopsy, and reduced missed detection in high-risk prostate cancer
MindLLM: Pre-training Lightweight Large Language Model from Scratch, Evaluations and Domain Applications
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across
various natural language tasks, marking significant strides towards general
artificial intelligence. While general artificial intelligence is leveraged by
developing increasingly large-scale models, there could be another branch to
develop lightweight custom models that better serve certain domains, taking
into account the high cost of training and deploying LLMs and the scarcity of
resources. In this paper, we present MindLLM, a novel series of bilingual
lightweight large language models, trained from scratch, alleviating such
burdens by offering models with 1.3 billion and 3 billion parameters. A
thorough account of experiences accrued during large model development is
given, covering every step of the process, including data construction, model
architecture, evaluation, and applications. Such insights are hopefully
valuable for fellow academics and developers. MindLLM consistently matches or
surpasses the performance of other open-source larger models on some public
benchmarks. We also introduce an innovative instruction tuning framework
tailored for smaller models to enhance their capabilities efficiently.
Moreover, we explore the application of MindLLM in specific vertical domains
such as law and finance, underscoring the agility and adaptability of our
lightweight models.Comment: Working in progres
Temperature-dependent structure of an intermetallic ErPdSi single crystal: A combined synchrotron and in-house X-ray diffraction study
We have grown intermetallic ErPdSi single crystals employing
laser-diodes with the floating-zone method. The temperature-dependent
crystallography was determined using synchrotron and in-house X-ray powder
diffraction measurements from 20 to 500 K. The diffraction patterns fit well
with the tetragonal 4/ space group (No. 139) with two chemical formulas
within one unit cell. Our synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study shows that
the refined lattice constants are = 4.10320(2) {\AA}, = 9.88393(5)
{\AA} at 298 K and = 4.11737(2) {\AA}, = 9.88143(5) {\AA} at 500 K,
resulting in the unit-cell volume = 166.408(1) {\AA} (298 K) and
167.517(2) {\AA} (500 K). In the whole studied temperature range, we did
not find any structural phase transition. Upon cooling, the lattice constants a
and c are shortened and elongated, respectively.Comment: 5 Figures, 4 Table
Comparing the prediction of prostate biopsy outcome using the Chinese Prostate Cancer Consortium (CPCC) Risk Calculator and the Asian adapted Rotterdam European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) Risk Calculator in Chinese and European men
Purpose: To externally validate the clinical utility of Chinese Prostate Cancer Consortium Risk Calculator (CPCC-RC) and Asian adapted Rotterdam European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer Risk Calculator 3 (A-ERSPC-RC3) for prediction prostate cancer (PCa) and high-grade prostate cancer (HGPCa, Gleason Score ≥ 3 + 4) in both Chinese and European populations. Materials and methods: The Chinese clinical cohort, the European population-based screening cohort, and the European clinical cohort included 2,508, 3,616 and 617 prostate biopsy-naive men, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration plot and decision curve analyses were applied in the analysis. Results: The CPCC-RC’s predictive ability for any PCa (AUC 0.77, 95% CI 0.75–0.79) was lower than the A-ERSPC-RC3 (AUC 0.79, 95% CI 0.77–0.81) in the European screening cohort (p < 0.001), but similar for HGPCa (p = 0.24). The CPCC-RC showed lower predictive accuracy for any PCa (AUC 0.65, 95% CI 0.61–0.70), but acceptable predictive accuracy for HGPCa (AUC 0.73, 95% CI 0.69–0.77) in the European clinical cohort. The A-ERSPC-RC3 showed an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI 0.72–0.76) in predicting any PCa, and a similar AUC of 0.74 (95% CI 0.72–0.76) in predicting HGPCa in Chinese cohort. In the Chinese population, decision curve analysis revealed a higher net benefit for CPCC-RC than A-ERSPC-RC3, while in the European screening and clinical cohorts, the net benefit was higher for A-ERSPC-RC3. Conclusions: The A-ERSPC-RC3 accurately predict the prostate biopsy in a contemporary Chinese multi-center clinical cohort. The CPCC-RC can predict accurately in a population-based screening cohort, but not in the European clinical cohort
The older the better: The characteristic of localized prostate cancer in Chinese men
AbstractObjectiveTo assess the clinicopathological features and overall survival between two groups of Chinese patients older or younger than 70 years after retropubic radical prostatectomy.MethodsFrom January 2001 to February 2010, 390 patients receive dretropubic radical prostatectomy. After excluding 89 patients with adjuvant or neoadjuvant hormonal therapy or radiotherapy, a total of 301 patients were included in this study. We arbitrarily divided these patients into younger age group (<70 years, 140 cases, 46.5%) and older age group (≥70 years, 161 cases, 53.5%). The differences in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, clinical tumor stage, and biochemical-free survival were analyzed between the two groups.ResultsThere were not significant differences between the two groups in high Gleason score rate and clinical tumor stage. However, older patients had significantly lower biochemical recurrence rate than those of younger patients, and had significantly higher PSA levels. Multivariate analysis showed that older age, PSA level and clinical tumor stage were significantly associated with biochemical recurrence free survival.ConclusionIn Chinese men, older age (≥70 years) is associated with better outcome. If the physical condition permits, older age alone should not exclude patients from radical prostatectomy
MgF as an effective additive for improving ionic conductivity of ceramic solid electrolytes
As typical solid-state electrolytes (SSEs),
{Na}{Zr}{Si}{P}{O} NASICONs provide an ideal
platform for solid-state batteries (SSBs) that display higher safety and
accommodate higher energy densities. The critical points for achieving SSBs
with higher efficiencies are to improve essentially the ionic conductivity and
to reduce largely the interfacial resistance between SSEs and cathode
materials, which would necessitate extremely high level of craftsmanship and
high-pressure equipment. An alternative to higher-performance and lower-cost
SSBs is additive manufacturing. Here, we report on an effective additive,
MgF, which was used in synthesizing NASICONs, resulting in SSEs with fewer
defects and higher performance. With an addition of mere 1 wt MgF
additive, the total room-temperature ionic conductivity of the NASICON
electrolyte reaches up to 2.03 mS cm, improved up to 181.3,
with an activation energy of 0.277 eV. Meanwhile, the stability of the Na
plating/stripping behavior in symmetric cells increases from 236 to 654 h. We
tried to reveal the microscopic origins of the higher ionic conductivity of
MgF-doped NASICONs by comprehensive in-house characterizations. Our study
discovers a novel MgF additive and provides an efficient way to prepare
higher-performance SSEs, making it possible to fabricate lower-cost SSBs in
industries.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure
The Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Global Study: Nephrolithotomy in 189 Patients with Solitary Kidneys
Abstract Background and Purpose: The study compared characteristics and outcomes in patients with solitary and bilateral kidneys who were treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society (CROES) PCNL Global Study. Patients and Methods: Data from consecutively treated patients from 96 centers worldwide were collated after a 1-year period. The following variables in patients undergoing PCNL with solitary or bilateral kidneys were compared: Prevalence, patient characteristics, intraoperative differences and outcomes, including bleeding and transfusion rates, renal function, and stone-free rates. Results: Data from 5803 patients were collated; 189 (3.3%) with solitary and 5556 (96.7%) with bilateral kidneys. Patient characteristics were well matched generally with the exception of cardiovascular disease and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) risk scores, which were significantly greater in patients with solitary than with bilateral kidneys (P<0.0001 and P=0.004, respectively). Patients with solitary kidneys had also undergone significantly more procedures to remove calculi before this survey than bilateral patients (P= 00.049 ?<0.0001). Levels of renal impairment were significantly greater (P<0.0001) and stone-free rates were significantly lower (P=0.001) post-PCNL in solitary than bilateral kidney patients. Although bleeding rates were the same in both groups, transfusion rates were significantly greater in solitary kidney patients (P=0.014). Conclusions: Patients with a solitary kidney had a higher cardiovascular risk and ASA score. Outcomes related to morbidity and stone-free rate were less favorable for solitary kidneys.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98444/1/end%2E2011%2E0169.pd
- …