Study on Energy Consumption and Coverage of Hierarchical Cooperation of Small Cell Base Stations in Heterogeneous Networks

The demand for communication services in the era of intelligent terminals is unprecedented and huge. To meet such development, modern wireless communications must provide higher quality services with higher energy efficiency in terms of system capacity and quality of service (QoS), which could be achieved by the high-speed data rate, the wider coverage and the higher band utilization. In this paper, we propose a way to offload users from a macro base station(MBS) with a hierarchical distribution of small cell base stations(SBS). The connection probability is the key indicator of the implementation of the unload operation. Furthermore, we measure the service performance of the system by finding the conditional probability-coverage probability with the certain SNR threshold as the condition, that is, the probability of obtaining the minimum communication quality when the different base stations are connected to the user. Then, user-centered total energy consumption of the system is respectively obtained when the macro base station(MBS) and the small cell base stations(SBS) serve each of the users. The simulation results show that the hierarchical SBS cooperation in heterogeneous networks can provide a higher system total coverage probability for the system with a lower overall system energy consumption than MBS.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, accepted by ICACT201

Scratch generation probability in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process is a critical new technology to planarize the wafer surface aided by the combined force of the chemical etching and mechanical polishing. In this process, defectivity due to scratch generation has become more and more important as it influences the wafer product quality, throughput and cost significantly with the technology developments into sub 100 nanometer technology nodes. The overall objective of this research is to investigate the effects of particle agglomeration on scratch generation and predict the scratch generation probability in CMP process. A mechanical model considering smooth wafer surface and varying height pad asperities for CMP process will be selected. The indentation depth is taken as a measurement of the scratch depth. The probability of such indentation depth of the scratch is simulated with evolving pad surface topography and changing slurry particle size distribution. Diffusion Limited Agglomeration (DLA) and Reaction Limited Agglomeration (RLA) model will be developed to describe the slurry particle size distribution evolution. Predictions for scratch generation probability are compared with those two different agglomeration models

End to End Performance Analysis of Relay Cooperative Communication Based on Parked Cars

Parking lots (PLs) are usually full with cars. If these cars are formed into a self-organizing vehicular network, they can be new kind of road side units (RSUs) in urban area to provide communication data forwarding between mobile terminals nearby and a base station. However cars in PLs can leave at any time, which is neglected in the existing studies. In this paper, we investigate relay cooperative communication based on parked cars in PLs. Taking the impact of the car's leaving behavior into consideration, we derive the expressions of outage probability in a two-hop cooperative communication and its link capacity. Finally, the numerical results show that the impact of a car's arriving time is greater than the impact of the duration the car has parked on outage probability.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, accepted by ICACT201