Discovery of time - From abstract concept to computer-generated visualization

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A Handover Prediction Mechanism Based on LTE-A UE History Information

[[abstract]]In response to the rapidly developing of wireless communication technology, the deployed of eNB is denser and more complex. The research of how to handover accurately and fast in LTE-A are discussed much in recent years .In 3GPP Release 8, the UE History Information recorded by eNB was first proposed, it's proposed to provide eNB to judge the target eNB when handover. The history information includes the Cell ID and Time UE stayed in cell. We proposed an advance UE history information, reducing the handover failure rate and ping-pong handover rate by using the history information like Region-Domain, Time-Domain and Time To Trigger.[[sponsorship]]Tamkang University[[incitationindex]]EI[[conferencetype]]國際[[conferencetkucampus]]台北校園[[conferencedate]]20150902~20150903[[booktype]]電子版[[iscallforpapers]]Y[[conferencelocation]]Taipei, Taiwa

A Fuzzy-based Dynamic Channel Allocation

[[abstract]]In traditional wireless networks, fixed allocation of spectrum is one of the main reason causing low utilization of spectrum. In order to solve this problem, a new wireless communication model has been proposed, which called Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN). CRN adopts Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) technology, thus it can flexibly use the spectrum which primary user temporarily unused. In cognitive radio networks, due to each secondary user (SU) has different location and surrounding spectrum environment, it may have variety of available channels. How to assign these available channels is the crucial point of system performance. However, existing methods doesn’t consider the problem of multipath fading; therefore, this study proposed an improved channel allocation scheme. We consider the received signal strength to define the channel access priority of secondary users applied by fuzzy theory. Finally, the simulation results show the superior of our approach and verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.[[sponsorship]]University of Colombo School of Computing, Sri Lanka[[incitationindex]]EI[[conferencetype]]國際[[conferencedate]]20150823~20150826[[booktype]]電子版[[iscallforpapers]]Y[[conferencelocation]]Colombo, Sri Lank

DC-SIGN (CD209) Promoter −336 A/G (rs4804803) Polymorphism Associated with Susceptibility of Kawasaki Disease

Kawasaki disease (KD) is characterized by systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the most effective therapy for KD to reduce the prevalence of coronary artery lesion (CAL) formation. Recently, the α2, 6 sialylated IgG was reported to interact with a lectin receptor, specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin homolog-related 1 (SIGN-R1) in mice and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) in human, and to trigger an anti-inflammatory cascade. This study was conducted to investigate whether the polymorphism of DC-SIGN (CD209) promoter −336 A/G (rs4804803) is responsible for susceptibility and CAL formation in KD patients using Custom TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. A total of 521 subjects (278 KD patients and 243 controls) were investigated to identify an SNP of rs4804803, and they were studied and showed a significant association between the genotypes and allele frequency of rs4804803 in control subjects and KD patients (P = 0.004 under the dominant model). However, the promoter variant of DC-SIGN gene was not associated with the occurrence of IVIG resistance, CAL formation in KD. The G allele of DC-SIGN promoter −336 (rs4804803) is a risk allele in the development of KD

Molecular epidemiology and emergence of worldwide epidemic clones of Neisseria meningitidis in Taiwan

BACKGROUND: Meningococcal disease is infrequently found in Taiwan, a country with 23 million people. Between 1996 and 2002, 17 to 81 clinical cases of the disease were reported annually. Reported cases dramatically increased in 2001–2002. Our record shows that only serogroup B and W135 meningococci have been isolated from patients with meningococcal disease until 2000. However, serogroup A, C and Y meningococci were detected for the first time in 2001 and continued to cause disease through 2002. Most of serogroup Y meningococcus infections localized in Central Taiwan in 2001, indicating that a small-scale outbreak of meningococcal disease had occurred. The occurrence of a meningococcal disease outbreak and the emergence of new meningococcal strains are of public health concern. METHODS: Neisseria meningitidis isolates from patients with meningococcal disease from 1996 to 2002 were collected and characterized by serogrouping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The genetic relatedness and clonal relationship between the isolates were analyzed by using the PFGE patterns and the allelic profiles of the sequence types (STs). RESULTS: Serogroups A, B, C, W135, Y, and non-serogroupable Neisseria meningitidis were, respectively, responsible for 2%, 50%, 2%, 35%, 9%, and 2% of 158 culture-confirmed cases of meningococcal disease in 1996–2002. Among 100 N. meningitidis isolates available for PFGE and MLST analyses, 51 different PFGE patterns and 30 STs were identified with discriminatory indices of 0.95 and 0.87, respectively. Of the 30 STs, 21 were newly identified and of which 19 were found in serogroup B isolates. A total of 40 PFGE patterns were identified in 52 serogroup B isolates with the patterns distributed over several distinct clusters. In contrast, the isolates within each of the serogroups A, C, W135, and Y shared high levels of PFGE pattern similarity. Analysis of the allelic profile of the 30 STs suggested the serogroup B isolates be assigned into 5 clonally related groups/ clonal complexes and 7 unique clones. The ST-41/44 complex/Lineage 3, and the ST-3439 and ST-3200 groups represented 79% of the serogroup B meningococci. In contrast, isolates within serogroups A, serogroup W135 (and C), and serogroup Y, respectively, simply belonged to ST-7, ST-11, and ST-23 clones. CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that serogroup B isolates were derived from several distinct lineages, most of which could either be indigenous or were introduced into Taiwan a long time ago. The serogroup A, W135 (and C), and Y isolates, respectively, belonged to the ST-7, ST-11, and ST-23, and the represented clones that are currently the major circulating clones in the world and are introduced into Taiwan more recently. The emergence of serogroup A, C and Y strains contributed partly to the increase in cases of meningococcal disease in 2001–2002