Quantum-accelerated algorithms for generating random primitive polynomials over finite fields

Primitive polynomials over finite fields are crucial for various domains of computer science, including classical pseudo-random number generation, coding theory and post-quantum cryptography. Nevertheless, the pursuit of an efficient classical algorithm for generating random primitive polynomials over finite fields remains an ongoing challenge. In this paper, we show how to solve this problem efficiently through hybrid quantum-classical algorithms, and designs of the specific quantum circuits to implement them are also presented. Our research paves the way for the rapid and real-time generation of random primitive polynomials in diverse quantum communication and computation applications

General framework of quantum complementarity from a measurement-based perspective

One of the most remarkable features of quantum physics is that attributes of quantum objects, such as the wave-like and particle-like behaviors of single photons, can be complementary in the sense that they are equally real but cannot be observed simultaneously. Quantum measurements, serving as windows providing views into the abstract edifice of quantum theory, are basic tools for manifesting the intrinsic behaviors of quantum objects. However, quantitative formulation of complementarity that highlights its manifestations in sophisticated measurements remains elusive. Here we develop a general framework for demonstrating quantum complementarity in the form of information exclusion relations (IERs), which incorporates the wave-particle duality relations as particular examples. Moreover, we explore the applications of our theory in entanglement witnessing and elucidate that our IERs lead to an extended form of entropic uncertainty relations, providing intriguing insights into the connection between quantum complementarity and the preparation uncertainty.Comment: 13 pages (including 7 pages in the main text), 6 figure

Genome plasticity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: microevolution of the 'pandemic group'

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Outbreak of <it>V. parahaemolyticus </it>infections occurred since 1996 was linked to a proposed clonal complex, the pandemic group. The whole genome sequence provides an unprecedented opportunity for dissecting genome plasticity and phylogeny of the populations of <it>V. parahaemolyticus</it>. In the present work, a whole-genome cDNA microarray was constructed to compare the genomic contents of a collection of 174 strains of <it>V. parahaemolyticus</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Genes that present variably in the genome accounted for about 22% of the whole gene pool on the genome. The phylogenetic analysis of microarray data generated a minimum spanning tree that depicted the phylogenetic structure of the 174 strains. Strains were assigned into five complexes (C1 to C5), and those in each complex were related genetically and phylogenetically. C3 and C4 represented highly virulent clinical clones. C2 and C3 constituted two different clonal complexes 'old-O3:K6 clone' and 'pandemic clone', respectively. C3 included all the 39 pandemic strains tested (<it>trh</it>^-, <it>tdh</it>⁺and GS-PCR⁺), while C2 contained 12 pre-1996 'old' O3:K6 strains (<it>trh</it>⁺, <it>tdh</it>^-and GS-PCR^-) tested herein. The pandemic clone (post-1996 'new' O3:K6 and its derivates O4:K68, O1:K25, O1:KUT and O6:K18) might be emerged from the old-O3:K6 clone, which was promoted by acquisition of <it>toxRS</it>/new sequence and genomic islands. A phylogenetic intermediate O3:K6 clade (<it>trh</it>^-, <it>tdh</it>^-and GS-PCR⁺) was identified between the pandemic and old-O3:K6 clones.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A comprehensive overview of genomic contents in a large collection of global isolates from the microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization data enabled us to construct a phylogenetic structure of <it>V. parahaemolyticus </it>and an evolutionary history of the pandemic group (clone) of this pathogen.</p

Role of Positive Selection in Functional Divergence of Mammalian Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitor Proteins during Evolution

Neuronal apoptosis inhibitor proteins (NAIPs) are members of Nod-like receptor (NLR) protein family. Recent research demostrated that some NAIP genes were strongly associated with both innate immunity and many inflammatory diseases in humans. However, no similar phenomena have been reported in other mammals. Furthermore, some NAIP genes have undergone pseudogenization or have been lost during the evolution of some higher mammals. We therefore aimed to determine if functional divergence had occurred, and if natural selection had played an important role in the evolution of these genes. The results showed that NAIP genes have undergone pseudogenization and functional divergence, driven by positive selection. Positive selection has also influenced NAIP protein structure, resulting in further functional divergence

Ectopic tissue engineered ligament with silk collagen scaffold for ACL regeneration: A preliminary study

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remains a formidable clinical challenge because of the lack of vascularization and adequate cell numbers in the joint cavity. In this study, we developed a novel strategy to mimic the early stage of repair in vivo, which recapitulated extra-articular inflammatory response to facilitate the early ingrowth of blood vessels and cells. A vascularized ectopic tissue engineered ligament (ETEL) with silk collagen scaffold was developed and then transferred to reconstruct the ACL in rabbits without interruption of perfusion. At 2 weeks after ACL reconstruction, more well-perfused cells and vessels were found in the regenerated ACL with ETEL, which decreased dramatically at the 4 and 12 week time points with collagen deposition and maturation. ACL treated with ETEL exhibited more mature ligament structure and enhanced ligament-bone healing post-reconstructive surgery at 4 and 12 weeks, as compared with the control group. In addition, the ETEL group was demonstrated to have higher modulus and stiffness than the control group significantly at 12 weeks post-reconstructive surgery. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the ETEL can provide sufficient vascularity and cellularity during the early stages of healing, and subsequently promote ACL regeneration and ligament-bone healing, suggesting its clinic use as a promising therapeutic modality. Statement of Significance Early inflammatory cell infiltration, tissue and vessels ingrowth were significantly higher in the extra articular implanted scaffolds than theses in the joint cavity. By mimicking the early stages of wound repair, which provided extra-articular inflammatory stimulation to facilitate the early ingrowth of blood vessels and cells, a vascularized ectopic tissue engineered ligament (ETEL) with silk collagen scaffold was constructed by subcutaneous implantation for 2 weeks. The fully vascularized TE ligament was then transferred to rebuild ACL without blood perfusion interruption, and was demonstrated to exhibit improved ACL regeneration, bone tunnel healing and mechanical properties. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc

An Exploration of Generation Z Chinese International Students’ Sense of Belonging

Large number of existing studies employ acculturation as the framework to explore Chinese international students (CIS), which recently have been criticized from post-colonial perspectives (Spencer-Oatey et al., 2007; Tierney, 1999; Yao, 2015). With Gen Z Chinese international students step into American higher institutions, this study aims to expands the understanding of Gen Z CIS by learning their undergraduate experience and position them as part of the university members at the first place. Through the conceptual framework sense of belonging, which is defined as “the students’ perceived social support on campus, a feeling of connectedness, or that one is important to others” (Strayhorn, 2012, p.16), I examined whether CIS’s undergraduate experiences on-campus and their relationships with others help them feel belonging to their university community. Twelve senior Gen Z CIS were participated in the semi-structured two rounds of interviews using smallball and purposeful sampling (Patton, 2002). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith et al., 2009) were employed to generate the results. Four key themes emerged from the data. First, Gen Z CIS place a huge focus on academic success, as well as the aspects that lead to it, including, but not limited to, devotion to their studies, faculty-student interactions, and research and internship opportunities. Secondly, the quality of interactions with their American peers, faculty, and staff is extremely crucial, as whether the feedback they receive makes them feel accepted and valued or like an outsider will end up influencing their perceptions of the community as a whole and affect the degree to which they wish to engage and join. Finally, Gen Z CIS’ were able to use the skills they had acquired from their previous experiences to make themselves part of the university community, while at the same time maintain their bond with the Chinese community

Entropic uncertainty relations for multiple measurements assigned with biased weights

The entropic way of formulating Heisenberg's uncertainty principle not only plays a fundamental role in applications of quantum information theory but also is essential for manifesting genuine nonclassical features of quantum systems. In this paper we investigate Rényi entropic uncertainty relations (EURs) in the scenario where measurements on individual copies of a quantum system are selected with nonuniform probabilities. In contrast with EURs that characterize an observer's overall lack of information about outcomes with respect to a collection of measurements, we establish state-dependent lower bounds on the weighted sum of entropies over multiple measurements. Conventional EURs thus correspond to the special cases when all weights are equal, and in such cases we show our results are generally stronger than previous ones. Moreover, taking the entropic steering criterion as an example, we numerically verify that our EURs could be advantageous in practical quantum tasks by optimizing the weights assigned to different measurements. Importantly, this optimization does not require quantum resources and is efficiently computable on classical computers

三一集团：欧洲会天气晴朗吗？（B）

三一集团是一家1989年成立的中国公司，最初专注于焊丝生产。中国房地产业的潜在增长，主导外国产品高得离谱的价格以及国内设备的短缺，促使三一做出投资建筑设备制造市场的决定。1994年，分公司三一重工成立。随着对研发的大量投入，富有进取精神的销售、市场营销和服务规划，以及低成本的运营，公司在短期内完全占领了市场。三一从此成为了该行业内在中国最有影响力的企业之一。2004年年底，中国政府出台了一系列政策，试图冷却“过热”的房地产业。因为这些政策，对建筑设备的需求也稍稍降温。除此之外，面对中国国内市场的激烈竞争（徐工、刘工、中联重科、三一等等），外国建筑设备制造商也决定本地化其业务以追逐成本优势，不光能与中国的制造商竞争，还能与全球范围内其他低成本企业竞争。预期国内市场需求下降、国外制造商通过本地化企业发出的挑战将三一置于选择的十字路口。2005年，公司开始考虑进驻欧洲建筑设备市场。公司已在印度、沙特阿拉伯、埃及和摩洛哥建立分公司，经营欧洲业务也只是权衡利弊得失的问题。虽然三一具有在发展中国家进行直接投资的经验，但事先并不了解欧洲市场，也不确定如何将已经建立的比较优势从新兴国家转移到发达国家区域，但本地市场内中外企业竞争加剧，市场需求薄弱等问题刻不容缓，时间上不容三一细细琢磨。三一所关心的是如何制定有效策略，快速进入目标欧洲市场，并在此之中迅速地发展起来

SANY: Will It Be Sunny in Europe? (A)

SANY, a Chinese company established in 1989, originally focused on the production of welding wires. Observing the growth potential of the real estate industry in China, the unacceptably high prices of dominant foreign products, and the shortage of domestic equipment, SANY decided to invest in the construction equipment manufacturing market. In 1994, it set up a subsidiary called SANY Heavy Industry. Substantial investment in R&D, aggressive sales, marketing and services schemes, and low-cost operations helped the company cover the market in a short period. It became one of the key players in China. At the end of 2004, the Chinese government issued a series of policies to cool off the “overheated” real estate industry. Demand for construction equipment eased. In addition, foreign construction equipment manufacturers, facing aggressive competition from domestic companies (Xugong, Liugong, Zoomline, SANY, etc.) in the Chinese market, decided to localize their businesses to pursue cost advantages to compete not only with Chinese producers, but also with other low-cost players in the world. Expected lower demand in the domestic market and foreign producers’ challenges from local enterprises put SANY at a strategic crossroads. In 2005, the company was weighing the pros and cons of entering the European construction equipment market. It already had established operations in India, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Morocco. Although the company had direct investment experience in developing countries, SANY had no knowledge of the European market and the transferability of its established competitive advantages in emerging countries to the developed region. But SANY had little time to react, given the impending demand weakness in the local market amid intensifying competition from global as well as Chinese players. SANY was concerned about formulating an effective strategy to rapidly enter and develop its targeted European market