New palladium(II) and platinum(II) 5,5-diethylbarbiturate complexes with 2-phenylpyridine, 2,2’-bipyridine and 2,2’-dipyridylamine : synthesis, structures, DNA binding, molecular docking, cellular uptake, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity

Peer reviewedPostprin

trans-Bis[2-(piperazin-1-yl)­ethan­amine]­bis­(saccharinato)cobalt(II)

In the centrosymmetric title complex, [Co(C7H4NO3S)2(C6H15N3)2], the CoII ion is coordinated by two saccharinate (sac) anions and two neutral 2-piperazin-1-ylethanamine (ppzea) ligands, showing a distorted octa­hedral coordination. Sac is O-bonded via the carbonyl group, while ppzea acts as an N,N′-bidentate chelating ligand. The mol­ecules are connected by N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a linear chain running parallel to the crystallographic a axis. The compound is isostructural with the reported Ni, Zn, and Cd analogues

Differential cytotoxic activity of a novel palladium-based compound on prostate cell lines, primary prostate epithelial cells and prostate stem cells

The outcome for patients with advanced metastatic and recurrent prostate cancer is still poor. Therefore, new chemotherapeutics are required, especially for killing cancer stem cells that are thought to be responsible for disease recurrence. In this study, we screened the effect of a novel palladium-based anticancer agent (Pd complex) against six different prostate cancer cell lines, and primary cultures from seven Gleason 6/7 prostate cancer, three Gleason 8/9 prostate cancer and four benign prostate hyperplasia patient samples, as well as cancer stem cells selected from primary cultures. MTT and ATP viability assays were used to assess cell growth and flow cytometry to assess cell cycle status. In addition, immunofluorescence was used to detect γH2AX nuclear foci, indicative of DNA damage, and Western blotting to assess the induction of apoptosis and autophagy. The Pd complex showed a powerful growth-inhibitory effect against both cell lines and primary cultures. More importantly, it successfully reduced the viability of cancer stem cells as first reported in this study. The Pd complex induced DNA damage and differentially induced evidence of cell death, as well as autophagy. In conclusion, this novel agent may be promising for use against the bulk of the tumour cell population as well as the prostate cancer stem cells, which are thought to be responsible for the resistance of metastatic prostate cancer to chemotherapy. This study also indicates that the combined use of the Pd complex with an autophagy modulator may be a more promising approach to treat prostate cancer. In addition, the differential effects observed between cell lines and primary cells emphasise the importance of the model used to test novel drugs including its genetic background, and indeed the necessity of using cells cultured from patient samples

Preparation of a Novel Nano-scale Lead (II) Zig-Zag Metal–Organic Coordination Polymer with Ultrasonic Assistance: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Thermal Properties, and NBO Analysis of [Pb(μ-2-pinh)N3 H2O]n

A novel nano-cauliflower-shaped lead(II) metal–organic coordination polymer, [Pb(μ-2-pinh)N3 H2O]n (1), was synthesized using an ultrasonic method. The nanostructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermal analysis. The compound was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The coordination compound takes the form of a zig-zag one-dimensional polymer in solid state. The coordination number of the lead(II) ions is six (PbN4O2) with three nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom from two linker organic ligands, as well as one oxygen from coordinated water and one nitrogen atom from terminal coordinated azide anion. It has a stereo-chemically active lone electron pair, and the coordination sphere is hemidirected. The zig-zag 1D chains interact with neighbouring chains through weak interactions, creating a 3D supramolecular metal–organic framework. Lead oxide nanoparticles were obtained by thermolysis of the new nano coordination compound at 180 °C with oleic acid as a surfactant. The morphology and size were further studied using SEM. Natural bond orbital analyses demonstrate the electronic properties of the lead centre and other atoms

Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Structural and Quantum Chemical Studies of a New Imine Oxime and Its Palladium(II) Complex: Hydrolysis Mechanism

In this work, we report synthesis, crystallographic, spectroscopic and quantum chemical studies of a new imine oxime, namely (4-nitro-phenyl)-(1-phenyl-ethylimino)-acetaldehyde oxime (nppeieoH). Spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction studies showed that nppeieoH is hydrolyzed in aqueous solution, forming nitroisonitrosoacetophenone (ninap) and the hydrolysis product binds to Pd(II) to yield [Pd(nppeieo)(ninap)]. The mechanism of the hydrolysis reaction has been theoretically investigated in detail, using density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP method. The vibrational and the electronic spectra of nppeieoH and its Pd(II) complex, the HOMO and LUMO analysis, Mulliken atomic charges and molecular electrostatic potential were also performed. The predicted nonlinear optical properties of both compounds are higher than those of urea