The changing dynamics of the Kurdish question

The Kurds in the Middle East have become significant political and military actors in the context of the fight against IS. One of the most important consequences of this situation has been the transformation of the Kurdish Question. Frustrated with the largely fruitless efforts to achieve equal rights and equal political footing in the coun­tries where they reside, Kurdish parties have tended to change their perceptions and strategies. There is a remarkable shift under way: from the fight for "justice, freedom and equality inside a given nation state" to the "defence of Kurdistan" as a political ter­ritory. Therefore, a fragmented approach towards the Kurdish Question as a domes­tic issue of national concern is not realistic anymore. Developments in the Kurdish land­scape require a review of the conventional stance and a comprehensive solution in order to balance competing interests and cope with the evolving challenges in the Middle East. (Autorenreferat

Orthognathic Surgery in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients

Cleft lip and palate patients often exhibit severe dentofacial deformities that necessitate orthognathic surgery. Orthognathic surgery in these patients generally includes not only maxillary advancement, but also sagittal, horizontal, and vertical movement of both jaws. Surgical planning and execution presents many difficulties, caused by the presence of extensive scar tissues from previous surgeries, tissue deficiencies, the difficulty of aligning multiple segments of bone and soft tissues. Other challenges in cleft patients are complications related to post-surgical airway, speech, velopharyngeal insufficiency, nerve damage, and infections. This review is focused on orthognathic surgery in cleft lip and palate patients, management, techniques, success, and complications

The impact of interest rate corridor on monetary policy efficiency: VEC Granger causality evidence from the central bank of the Republic of Turkey

This paper aimed to analyze the impacts of interest rate corridor policy on monetary efficiency in Turkey, applying the Error Correction Model and VEC Granger causality. The data set consisted of 108 observations for each time series from May 2010 to December 2019. The Granger causality test results indicated a significant impact of the borrowing rate on the inflation rate. Response function revealed that a change in the borrowing interest rate affected the opposite way in the inflation rate with a 3-month lag. An increase in the lending rate caused an increase in the BIST 100 index value. It is concluded that the interest rate corridor implementation successfully increased the flexibility and effectiveness of the monetary policy in Turkey. © 2021 The Authors

Tradicionalni turski mliječni deserti

Traditional foods are the reflection of cultural inheritance and affect the lifestyle habits. Culture can be viewed as a system of socially transmitted patterns of behaviour that characterises a particular group. Despite the fact of globalisation, these are key elements to accurately estimate a population’s dietary patterns and how these have been shaped through time. In Turkey, a meal with family or friends traditionally ends with a dessert, which is a testimony to the hosts’ hospitality or to the housewife’s love and affection for her husband and children, since sweets and desserts are important elements of Turkish cuisine. However, the consciousnesses of nutrition and healthy eating, due to rapid change in popular life style and dietary patterns, has contributed to the increased interest in traditional foods with potential health benefits, with increased uncertainty for dessert consumption. Dairy desserts are extensively consumed due to their nutritive and sensoric characteristics. Some of traditional dairy desserts are Mustafakemalpasa, Gullac, Kazandibi, Hosmerim and Tavukgogsu, which are mainly made from milk or fresh cheese, and the current paper discusses their manufacturing processes and composition.Tradicionalna hrana odraz je kulturalnog naslijeđa te utječe na životne navike. Kultura se može promatrati kao sustav socijalno prenešenih okvira ponašanja koja karakteriziraju pojedinu grupaciju. Usprkos globalizaciji, postoje ključni elementi koji točno mogu procijeniti prehrambene navike populacije te kako su one tijekom vremena nastale. U Turskoj, obrok s obitelji ili s prijateljima tradicionalno završava desertom, što je dokaz gostoljubivosti domaćina ili ljubavi domaćice prema njenoj obitelji, s obzirom da su deserti važni element turske kuhinje. Međutim, svjesnost o važnosti zdrave prehrane zbog značajnih promjena u načinu življenja i prehrambenim navikama, povećala je interes za tradicionalnom hranom s mogućim zdravstvenim pogodnostima uz smanjenje konzumacije deserata. Mliječni deserti obilato se konzumiraju zbog njihove nutritivne vrijednosti ali i senzorskih karakteristika. Neki od tradicionalnih mliječnih deserata su Mustafakemalpasa, Gullac, Kazandibi, Hosmerim i Tavukgogsu, koji se uglavnom pripremaju od mlijeka ili svježeg sira, a njihov postupak izrade objašnjava se u ovom radu

Membranski procesi u proizvodnji funkcionalnih sastojaka sirutke

In recent years, whey has been recognised as a major source of nutritional and functional ingredients for the food industry. Commercial whey products include various powders, whey protein concentrates and isolates, and fractionated proteins, such as a-lactalbumin and b-lactoglobulin. The increased interest in separation and fractionation of whey proteins arises from the differences in their functional, biological and nutritional properties. In response to concerns about environmental aspects, research has been focused on membrane filtration technology, which provides exciting new opportunities for large-scale protein and lactose fractionation. Membrane separation is such technique in which particles are separated according to their molecular size. The types of membrane processing techniques are ultrafiltration, microfiltration, reverse osmosis, pervaporation, electrodialysis and nanofiltration. A higher purification of whey proteins is possible by combining membrane separation with ion-exchange. This paper provides an overview of types and applications of membrane separation techniquesPosljednjih godina sirutka je prepoznata kao značajan izvor nutritivnih i funkcionalnih sastojaka u prehrambenoj industriji. Komercijalni sirutkini proizvodi uključuju različite tipove sirutke u prahu, koncentrate proteina sirutke i izolate, te frakcionirane proteine, kao što su a-laktalbumin and b-laktoglobulin. Povećani interes u separaciji i frakcinaciji proteina sirutke dolazi iz različitosti njihovih funkcionalnih, bioloških i nutritivnih svojstava. Zbog zabrinutosti radi ekoloških aspekata, istraživači su se fokusirali na tehnologiju membranske separacije, što osigurava nove mogućnosti za široki raspon separacije proteina i laktoze. Membranska separacija je proces u kojem se čestice odvajaju prema molekularnoj veličini. Tipovi membranskih procesa su ultrafiltracija, mikrofiltracija, reverzna osmoza, elektrodijaliza i nanofiltracija. Veća pročišćenost sirutkinih proteina moguća je kombiniranjem membranske separacije s ionskom izmjenom. Ovaj rad prikazuje pregled mogućih kombinacija membranske separacije u preradi sirutke i proizvodnji funkcionalnih sastojaka koji potječu iz sirutke