Touristic and Environmental Impacts of Historical Towns: The Reflections Of Spaces In Traditional Diyarbakir Architecture

For the sustainability of historical towns and traditional buildings those are no longer feasible, an adaptive use must be given. This adaptive use must be convenient with socio-economic and cultural structure of the historical site. The most popular way for the maintenance of the historical site is the tourism activity. The case study held on for this reason is the historical town of Diyarbakýr. The town is surrounded by old city walls. The black basalt walls are perfect examples of the mediaeval architecture. Although some of the walls were from Roman, and even earlier times, the present walls date back to early Byzantine times. The main from civil architecture examples inside the walls are the traditional houses which are relevant with user requirements, desirability; habits of users are connected with socio-economic and socio-cultural values. Social experience, visions, believes, ethical principles are sourced from nature and living styles have affected the traditional Diyarbakýr housing architecture. The reflections of culture and civilization with integration of environment and material in physical space can be seen in traditional Diyarbakýr houses. Climatic conditions and social structure have played an important role in the shaping of the interior and exterior spaces of the traditional Diyarbakýr houses. There are few examples of restored houses in the old town. Some of them have become museum being due to the birth place of very popular writers and poets in them. The large houses which oriented for the patriarchal family style lost their function in the contemporary life style. Some of them can not be conserved as a house as before because of being too large for a small family. Some adaptive uses must be given for them concerning: • gaining these 100-150 years buildings which lose partly their function world tourism and world cultural heritage, by giving new functions to them • conservation of these buildings providing new usage, • conservation of historical environment, • by distinguishing different functional groups according to necessities considering location and size of the buildings in the historical town by means of building determination work • economical evaluation • The necessity of giving new function to buildings those do not meet the need due to changing social environment • The reuse of the buildings by relevant techniques not only in building scale also in historical town scale. The other structures that have already lost their original uses and no longer feasible in the medieval town are the hamams, the inns and old bazaar where the hand crafts production are made must be protected. For example, by means of production of some touristic handcrafts and selling them inside, restaurants or hostels in those traditional houses in order to get the authentic atmosphere. The aim of the study is to preserve those structures for a sustainable conservation and the very convenient way to do it is using them for tourism. In order to give an adaptive use for these structures the analysis of the existing structures has to be made and the requirements of the tourism innovations have to be considered.

Touristic and Environmental Impacts of Historical Towns: The Reflections Of Spaces In Traditional Diyarbakir Architecture

For the sustainability of historical towns and traditional buildings those are no longer feasible, an adaptive use must be given. This adaptive use must be convenient with socio-economic and cultural structure of the historical site. The most popular way for the maintenance of the historical site is the tourism activity. The case study held on for this reason is the historical town of Diyarbakýr. The town is surrounded by old city walls. The black basalt walls are perfect examples of the mediaeval architecture. Although some of the walls were from Roman, and even earlier times, the present walls date back to early Byzantine times. The main from civil architecture examples inside the walls are the traditional houses which are relevant with user requirements, desirability; habits of users are connected with socio-economic and socio-cultural values. Social experience, visions, believes, ethical principles are sourced from nature and living styles have affected the traditional Diyarbakýr housing architecture. The reflections of culture and civilization with integration of environment and material in physical space can be seen in traditional Diyarbakýr houses. Climatic conditions and social structure have played an important role in the shaping of the interior and exterior spaces of the traditional Diyarbakýr houses. There are few examples of restored houses in the old town. Some of them have become museum being due to the birth place of very popular writers and poets in them. The large houses which oriented for the patriarchal family style lost their function in the contemporary life style. Some of them can not be conserved as a house as before because of being too large for a small family. Some adaptive uses must be given for them concerning: • gaining these 100-150 years buildings which lose partly their function world tourism and world cultural heritage, by giving new functions to them • conservation of these buildings providing new usage, • conservation of historical environment, • by distinguishing different functional groups according to necessities considering location and size of the buildings in the historical town by means of building determination work • economical evaluation • The necessity of giving new function to buildings those do not meet the need due to changing social environment • The reuse of the buildings by relevant techniques not only in building scale also in historical town scale. The other structures that have already lost their original uses and no longer feasible in the medieval town are the hamams, the inns and old bazaar where the hand crafts production are made must be protected. For example, by means of production of some touristic handcrafts and selling them inside, restaurants or hostels in those traditional houses in order to get the authentic atmosphere. The aim of the study is to preserve those structures for a sustainable conservation and the very convenient way to do it is using them for tourism. In order to give an adaptive use for these structures the analysis of the existing structures has to be made and the requirements of the tourism innovations have to be considered

Compact Elliptical Galaxies

In this thesis, a sample of nearby, compact, elliptical galaxies with high central stellar velocity dispersions are studied. By means of high quality photometric and spectroscopic observations, we analyse their structural properties and construct state-of-the-art orbit-based dynamical models to constrain their total mass budgets, including the contribution of stars, dark matter and a supermassive black hole. We demonstrate that our sample of compact ellipticals are outliers of the local population of elliptical galaxies, but their properties are consistent with massive and non-star forming galaxies at much earlier times (z=2). We postulate that our sample has passively evolved since z=2, which allows us to investigate these relic galaxies in unprecedented detail. All our objects are disky fast-rotators, devoid of a prominent pressure supported bulge, with a dominant stellar mass component inside one effective radius. We were able to detect an over-massive supermassive black hole in one galaxy and suspect that more will be detected in our sample. This strongly indicates that the growth of a supermassive black hole is not necessarily linked to the growth of a bulge. Finally, we show that at least three out of seven galaxies in our sample are embedded in a dark halo, with unambiguous evidence for a very massive dark halo in one particular object. The dark halo in this object, NGC 1281, consitutes 90 per cent of the total mass content within 5 effective radii, and the dark matter distribution cannot be reconciled with that predicted by cold dark matter simulations

Oscillation criteria for a certain even order neutral difference equation with an oscillating coefficient

AbstractIn this paper we are concerned with the oscillation of solutions of a certain higher order linear neutral type difference equation with an oscillating coefficient. We obtain some sufficient criteria for oscillatory behaviour. In particular, the results are new even when n=2 and there are few results in the case of p is an oscillatory function

A Phenomenological Pilot Study on the Opinions of Nursing Students Related to Nursing History Education

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, ülkemizde hemşirelik okullarında hemşirelik tarihi dersinin ulusal standardizasyonunu sağlamaya yardımcı olabilecek ulusal bir çalışmanın ön çalışmasını yapabilmektir. Bu bağlamda da araştırmada hemşirelik bölümü birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin hemşirelik tarihi eğitimine ilişkin görüşleri incelenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma nitel araştırmalardan fenomenolojik araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış olup, odak grup görüşmesi yapılmıştır. Araştırma evrenini, bir üniversitenin hemşirelik bölümü birinci sınıfında öğrenim gören öğrenciler oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemi ise araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden öğrencilerden amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden olan benzeşik (homojen) örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiş 7 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın gerçekleştirilmesi için gerekli izinler alınmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında “Öğrenci Tanıtım Formu” ve “Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu” kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma kapsamına alınan öğrencilerin 4’ü kız, 3’ü erkektir ve yaş ortalaması 19,42±1,65 yıl’dır. Araştırma verilerinin içerik analizi sonucunda mevcut hemşirelik tarihi öğretimine ilişkin “Mesleki Kimlik Gelişimine Katkı”, “Eğitim-Öğretim Süresi”, “Eğitimin İçeriği”, “Eğitim-Öğretim Yöntemi” olmak üzere 4 tema belirlenmiştir. Bu temalarla bağlantılı olarak da 9 tane alt tema belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonuçlarının hemşirelik eğitiminde hemşirelik tarihi eğitiminin ulusal boyutta başka çalışma sonuçlarının şekillendirilmesinde bir dayanak olacağı inancındayız. Abstract Objective: The aim of this research is to be able to carry out a pilot study of a national study which can help to ensure national standardization of nursing history course in nursing schools in our country.In this context, the opinions of the first year students of the nursing department about the education of nursing history were examined in the research. Material and Method: The research was carried out by qualitative research using phenomenological research method, focus group research design. The research population consisted of students who were studying in the first year of the nursing department of a university.The sample of the study consisted of students who were determined using the homogeneous sampling method from the students who agreed to participate in the research. Permission has been obtained for the realization of the study. “Student Description Form” and “Semi-structured Interview Form” were used to collect research data. Results: Among the students included in the scope of the research, 4 are female, 3 are male and 19.42±1.65 year age average. As a result of the content analysis of the research data, 4 themes were defined as “Contribution to Professional Identity Development”, “Duration of Education”, “Content of the Education”, “Teaching Method” of current nursing history course. Nine sub-themes have been identified in connection with these themes. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that nursing education education in nursing education will be a basis for shaping other study results at national level

Timing the formation and assembly of early-type galaxies via spatially resolved stellar populations analysis

To investigate star formation and assembly processes of massive galaxies, we present here a spatially-resolved stellar populations analysis of a sample of 45 elliptical galaxies (Es) selected from the CALIFA survey. We find rather flat age and [Mg/Fe] radial gradients, weakly dependent on the effective velocity dispersion of the galaxy within half-light radius. However, our analysis shows that metallicity gradients become steeper with increasing galaxy velocity dispersion. In addition, we have homogeneously compared the stellar populations gradients of our sample of Es to a sample of nearby relic galaxies, i.e., local remnants of the high-z population of red nuggets. This comparison indicates that, first, the cores of present-day massive galaxies were likely formed in gas-rich, rapid star formation events at high redshift (z>2). This led to radial metallicity variations steeper than observed in the local Universe, and positive [Mg/Fe] gradients. Second, our analysis also suggests that a later sequence of minor dry mergers, populating the outskirts of early-type galaxies (ETGs), flattened the pristine [Mg/Fe] and metallicity gradients. Finally, we find a tight age-[Mg/Fe] relation, supporting that the duration of the star formation is the main driver of the [Mg/Fe] enhancement in massive ETGs. However, the star formation time-scale alone is not able to fully explain our [Mg/Fe] measurements. Interestingly, our results match the expected effect that a variable stellar initial mass function would have on the [Mg/Fe] ratio.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

Care Priorities and Critical Nursing Interventions in Patients with COVID-19: Four Different Case Reports

2019 koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) yeni bir solunum yolu hastalığıdır ve salgın süreci dünyada yüz binlerce insanı etkilemiştir. Pandemik hale gelen bu süreçte tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de hemşireler topluma nitelikli ve güvenli sağlık hizmeti sunmak için ön saflarda görev almaktadır. Bu olağanüstü koşullarda büyük çaba ile COVID-19 tanılı hastalara bakım veren hemşirelerin, hastayı bütüncül olarak değerlendirebilmeleri gerekmektedir. Ayrıca hemşirelik girişimlerini planlayabilmeleri için de etkili hemşirelik bakımına yönelik yol haritaları sunmanın önemli olduğu bir gerçektir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada COVID-19 tanısı almış dört ayrı olgu, her bir vakaya özgü hemşirelik tanıları doğrultusunda bakım öncelikleri ve kritik hemşirelik girişimleri ile sunulmuşturThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new respiratory disease, and as a pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people all around the world. In Turkey, as well as all over the world, nurses are on the front lines to provide qualified and safe healthcare services to the society. In these extraordinary conditions, nurses who care for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 should be able to evaluate the patient as a whole. It is also a fact that it is important to provide road maps for effective nursing care so that they can plan nursing interventions. In this context, four different cases diagnosed with COVID-19, their care priorities, and critical nursing interventions are presented in line with the nursing diagnoses specific to each case

Procjena serumskoga srčanog troponina I u ovaca s akutnom mliječnokiselinskom acidozom buraga.

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is known to be a sensitive cardio biomarker to determine the myocardial damage in diseases affecting the cardiac muscles. However, there has not been sufficient research about cTnI concentration, which is the most sensitive indicator of myocardial damage in sheep with acute ruminal lactic acidosis (ARLA). For this reason this study aimed to evaluate the serum cTnI concentration in sheep with ARLA. Those diagnosed with ARLA (n = 20) from the total of 40 Akkaraman (White karaman) sheep, aged between 1-2 years used in this study comprised the affected group and the healthy ones (n = 20) comprised the control group. Ruminal fluid was obtained from the animals from both groups with the help of a stomach tube, and examined immediately. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of the sheep and the serum was separated. Serum cTnI concentration was measured with a commercial immunoassay system, using the one-step sandwich method. Serum enzyme (ALT, AST, CK-MB and LDH) activities were determined via a clinical biochemistry autoanalyzer. The average serum cTnI concentration was at the level of 0.035 ± 0.015 ng/mL (range; 0.02-0.06 ng/mL) in the control group sheep. It was determined that there was a substantial increase in the group with ARLA and the average concentration reached the level of 0.103 ± 0.080 ng/mL (range; 0.03-1.7 ng/mL) (P<0.0001). It was observed that another cardio marker, CK-MB, was found in the group with ARLA 454.50 ± 191.88 U/L (range; 214-861 U/L) and increased in comparison with the control group 224.35 ± 83.33 U/L (range; 133-421 U/L) (P<0.0001). An increase in LDH (P<0.001) and AST (P<0.001) from liver enzymes in the group with ARLA and ALT activities compared to the control group was identified (P<0.01). In conclusion, this present study determined that the serum cTnI concentration was high in sheep with ARLA and it was concluded that it could be useful to evaluate cTnI concentration as an important marker to determine the prognosis in sheep with ARLA.U bolestima koje zahvaćaju srčani mišić, srčani troponin I (cTnI) poznat je kao osjetljivi biomarker za određivanje oštećenja srčanog mišića. Ipak, nema puno istraživanja o koncentraciji cTnI kao najosjetljivijeg indikatora za oštećenje srčanog mišića kod ovaca s akutnom mliječno-kiselinskom acidozom buraga. Zbog navedenog, u ovom istraživanju namjera je bila procijeniti koncentraciju serumskog cTnI kod ovaca s akutnom mliječno-kiselinskom acidozom. Ovce s dijagosticiranom akutnom mliječno-kiselinskom acidozom (n = 20) u skupini od ukupno 40 akaraman (bijeli karaman) ovaca, u dobi od jedne do dvije godine, činile su pokusnu skupinu bolesnih jedinki. Preostale ovce (n = 20) činile su kontrolnu skupinu zdravih jedinki. Tekućina buraga od svih pretraženih životinja dobivena je sondiranjem i odmah analizirana. Uzorci krvi uzeti su iz jugularne vene te je iz njih izdvojen serum. Koncentracija serumskog cTnI mjerena je komercijalnim imunoenzimnim testom, sendvič postupkom. Aktivnosti serumskih enzima (ALT, AST, CK-MB i LDH) utvrđene su uporabom kliničkog biokemijskog autoanalizatora. Prosječna serumska koncentracija cTnI u kontrolnoj skupini ovaca bila je na razini 0,035 ± 0,015 ng/mL (raspon: 0,02 - 0,06 ng/mL). U skupini ovaca s acidozom utvrđeno je postojano povećanje koncentracije cTnI koja je dosegla razinu od 0,103 ± 0,080 ng/mL (raspon: 0,03 - 1,7 ng/mL) (P<0,0001). U pokusnoj skupini opaženo je povećanje i drugog srčanog markera CK-MB koji je u ovoj skupini iznosio 454,50 ± 191,88 U/I (raspon: 214 - 861 U/I), a u kontrolnoj 224,35 ± 83,33 U/I (raspon: 133 - 421 U/I) (P<0,0001). Također je ustanovljeno da su ovce s acidozom u odnosu na ovce kontrolne skupine imale povišene jetrene enzime LDH (P<0,001) i AST (P<0,001), odnosno ALT (P<0,01). Zaključeno je da ovce s acidozom imaju povećanu koncentraciju serumskog cTnI koji može poslužiti kao važan biljeg za prognozu bolesti