Hypoxic acclimatization training improves the resistance to motion sickness

ObjectiveVestibular provocation is one of the main causes of flight illusions, and its occurrence is closely related to the susceptibility of motion sickness (MS). However, existing training programs have limited effect in improving the resistance to motion sickness. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypoxia acclimatization training (HAT) on the resistance to motion sickness.MethodsHealthy military college students were identified as subjects according to the criteria. MS model was induced by a rotary chair. Experimental groups included control, HAT, 3D roller training (3DRT), and combined training.ResultsThe Graybiel scores were decreased in the HAT group and the 3DRT group and further decreased in the combined training group in MS induced by the rotary chair. Participants had a significant increase in blood pressure after the rotary chair test and a significant increase in the heart rate during the rotary chair test, but these changes disappeared in all three training groups. Additionally, LFn was increased, HFn was decreased, and LF/HF was increased accordingly during the rotary chair test in the control group, but the changes of these three parameters were completely opposite in the three training groups during the rotary chair test. Compared with the control group, the decreasing changes in pupillary contraction velocity (PCV) and pupillary minimum diameter (PMD) of the three training groups were smaller. In particular, the binocular PCV changes were further attenuated in the combined training group.ConclusionOur research provides a possible candidate solution for training military pilots in the resistance to motion sickness

Develop and Validate a Risk Score in Predicting Renal Failure in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Introduction The aim of this study is to develop and validate a risk score for end stage kidney disease (ESKD) in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Methods Patient with biopsy proven FSGS were enrolled. All the patients were allocated 1:1 to the two groups according to their baseline gender, age and baseline creatinine level by using a stratified randomization method. ESKD was the primary endpoint. Results We recruited 359 FSGS patients,177 subjects were assigned to group 1 and 182 to group 2. The clinicopathological variables were similar between two groups. There were 23 (13%) subjects reached to ESKD in group 1 and 22 (12.1%) in group 2. By multivariate Cox regression analyses we established risk scores (RS) 1 and RS 2 in groups 1 and 2, respectively. RS1 consists of five parameters including lower eGFR, higher urine protein, MAP, IgG level, and tubular-interstitial lesion (TIL) score; RS2 also consists of five predictors including lower C3, higher MAP, IgG level, hemoglobin and TIL score. RS1 and RS2 were cross-validated between these two groups, showing RS1 had better performance in predicting 5-year ESKD in Group1 [c statics, 0.86(0.74-0.98) vs 0.82(0.69-0.95] and Group2 [c statics, 0.91(0.83-0.99) vs 0.89(0.79-0.99)] compared to RS2. We then stratified the risk factors into four groups and Kaplan-Meier survival curve revealed that patients progressed to ESKD increased as risk levels increased. Conclusions A predictive model incorporated clinicopathological features was developed and validated for the prediction of ESKD in FSGS patients