442 research outputs found
Income inequality of destination countries and trade patterns: Evidence from Chinese firm-level data
In this paper, we investigate the relation between the export patterns and the income inequality of the destination countries using the Chinese firm-level data. Our empirical analysis finds two main results: (i) export price decreases in the income inequality of the destination countries; while (ii) the exporting firm number and export value will increase in the inequality level. With a conventionally theoretical framework, we discuss the potential influencing mechanism. A higher income inequality leads to higher share of poor consumers in a country, which will lower the quality threshold for Chinese exporters. In this case, the firms with less competitive and producing low quality products are able to enter this market. As a result, we observe that in response to a higher income inequality, more firms enter the market while the exporting price decreases in this market
Income inequality of destination countries and trade patterns: Evidence from Chinese firm-level data
In this paper, we investigate the relation between the export patterns and the income inequality of the destination countries using the Chinese firm-level data. Our empirical analysis finds two main results: (i) export price decreases in the income inequality of the destination countries; while (ii) the exporting firm number and export value will increase in the inequality level. With a conventionally theoretical framework, we discuss the potential influencing mechanism. A higher income inequality leads to higher share of poor consumers in a country, which will lower the quality threshold for Chinese exporters. In this case, the firms with less competitive and producing low quality products are able to enter this market. As a result, we observe that in response to a higher income inequality, more firms enter the market while the exporting price decreases in this market
OCC-VO: Dense Mapping via 3D Occupancy-Based Visual Odometry for Autonomous Driving
Visual Odometry (VO) plays a pivotal role in autonomous systems, with a
principal challenge being the lack of depth information in camera images. This
paper introduces OCC-VO, a novel framework that capitalizes on recent advances
in deep learning to transform 2D camera images into 3D semantic occupancy,
thereby circumventing the traditional need for concurrent estimation of ego
poses and landmark locations. Within this framework, we utilize the TPV-Former
to convert surround view cameras' images into 3D semantic occupancy. Addressing
the challenges presented by this transformation, we have specifically tailored
a pose estimation and mapping algorithm that incorporates Semantic Label
Filter, Dynamic Object Filter, and finally, utilizes Voxel PFilter for
maintaining a consistent global semantic map. Evaluations on the Occ3D-nuScenes
not only showcase a 20.6% improvement in Success Ratio and a 29.6% enhancement
in trajectory accuracy against ORB-SLAM3, but also emphasize our ability to
construct a comprehensive map. Our implementation is open-sourced and available
at: https://github.com/USTCLH/OCC-VO.Comment: 7pages, 3 figure
Cross-layer design for mission-critical IoT in mobile edge computing systems
In this paper, we establish a cross-layer framework for optimizing user association, packet offloading rates, and bandwidth allocation for mission-critical Internet-of-Things (MC-IoT) services with short packets in mobile edge computing (MEC) systems, where enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) services with long packets are considered as background services. To reduce communication delay, the fifth generation new radio is adopted in radio access networks. To avoid long queueing delay for short packets from MC-IoT, processor-sharing (PS) servers are deployed at MEC systems, where the service rate of the server is equally allocated to all the packets in the buffer. We derive the distribution of latency experienced by short packets in closed form, and minimize the overall packet loss probability subject to the end-to-end delay requirement. To solve the nonconvex optimization problem, we propose an algorithm that converges to a near optimal solution when the throughput of eMBB services is much higher than MC-IoT services, and extend it into more general scenarios. Furthermore, we derive the optimal solutions in two asymptotic cases: communication or computing is the bottleneck of reliability. The simulation and numerical results validate our analysis and show that the PS server outperforms first-come-first-serve servers
: Transferring Visual Representations for Reinforcement Learning via Prompting
It is important for deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms to transfer
their learned policies to new environments that have different visual inputs.
In this paper, we introduce Prompt based Proximal Policy Optimization
(), a three-stage DRL algorithm that transfers visual representations
from a target to a source environment by applying prompting. The process of
consists of three stages: pre-training, prompting, and predicting. In
particular, we specify a prompt-transformer for representation conversion and
propose a two-step training process to train the prompt-transformer for the
target environment, while the rest of the DRL pipeline remains unchanged. We
implement and evaluate it on the OpenAI CarRacing video game. The
experimental results show that outperforms the state-of-the-art visual
transferring schemes. In particular, allows the learned policies to
perform well in environments with different visual inputs, which is much more
effective than retraining the policies in these environments.Comment: This paper has been accepted to be presented at the upcoming IEEE
International Conference on Multimedia & Expo (ICME) in 202
EdgeCalib: Multi-Frame Weighted Edge Features for Automatic Targetless LiDAR-Camera Calibration
In multimodal perception systems, achieving precise extrinsic calibration
between LiDAR and camera is of critical importance. Previous calibration
methods often required specific targets or manual adjustments, making them both
labor-intensive and costly. Online calibration methods based on features have
been proposed, but these methods encounter challenges such as imprecise feature
extraction, unreliable cross-modality associations, and high scene-specific
requirements. To address this, we introduce an edge-based approach for
automatic online calibration of LiDAR and cameras in real-world scenarios. The
edge features, which are prevalent in various environments, are aligned in both
images and point clouds to determine the extrinsic parameters. Specifically,
stable and robust image edge features are extracted using a SAM-based method
and the edge features extracted from the point cloud are weighted through a
multi-frame weighting strategy for feature filtering. Finally, accurate
extrinsic parameters are optimized based on edge correspondence constraints. We
conducted evaluations on both the KITTI dataset and our dataset. The results
show a state-of-the-art rotation accuracy of 0.086{\deg} and a translation
accuracy of 0.977 cm, outperforming existing edge-based calibration methods in
both precision and robustness
ProQA: Structural Prompt-based Pre-training for Unified Question Answering
Question Answering (QA) is a longstanding challenge in natural language
processing. Existing QA works mostly focus on specific question types,
knowledge domains, or reasoning skills. The specialty in QA research hinders
systems from modeling commonalities between tasks and generalization for wider
applications. To address this issue, we present ProQA, a unified QA paradigm
that solves various tasks through a single model. ProQA takes a unified
structural prompt as the bridge and improves the QA-centric ability by
structural prompt-based pre-training. Through a structurally designed
prompt-based input schema, ProQA concurrently models the knowledge
generalization for all QA tasks while keeping the knowledge customization for
every specific QA task. Furthermore, ProQA is pre-trained with structural
prompt-formatted large-scale synthesized corpus, which empowers the model with
the commonly-required QA ability. Experimental results on 11 QA benchmarks
demonstrate that ProQA consistently boosts performance on both full data
fine-tuning, few-shot learning, and zero-shot testing scenarios. Furthermore,
ProQA exhibits strong ability in both continual learning and transfer learning
by taking the advantages of the structural prompt.Comment: NAACL 202
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