The analysis of barriers to bim implementation for industrialized building construction: a China study

The emerging Building Information Modeling (BIM) can better promote the development of building industrialization, with data integration between information-rich building models and business processes. However, the practical implementation of BIM still faces barriers. Existing studies have discussed these barriers extensively, but the research on the barriers to the implementation of BIM amid building industrialization in China is inadequate. In this study, 23 barriers were identified through literature review. A questionnaire survey approach was used to collect data from various parties. Factor analysis methods were used to process and rank barrier factors for BIM applications in the context of industrialized building. Based on the analysis of each factor, analytic hierarchy process was adopted to identify the key barriers to the implementation of BIM for industrialized building construction. The study concluded that the main barriers for BIM implementation for industrialized building were capital-related factors and the lack of support from owners. This study proposes that in addition to governmental policy support for BIM and multi-stakeholder engagement, companies should also organize experts to effectively evaluate the risks of applying BIM. Overall, this study provides suggestions on construction organizational transformations in the roadmap of moving towards digital-driven building industrialization

Experimental investigation of the effect of grout with additive in improving ground support

This study introduces a method to increase the load transfer capacity of a fully grouted rock bolting system by adding small amounts of rigid particles into the grouting material. The additive works via a keying effect to enhance the shear resistance of bond slip. The bonding effect of admixture grout was examined by common bolting assemblages under different confinement levels. The average increment of the peak load of the bond is approximately 14% and the average increment of energy absorption is approximately 70% compared to normal bolting. The load-displacement curves for grout with additive showed high irregularity. Furthermore, no conclusions can yet be drawn to quantify the effect of the admixture grout with respect to the confinement level. The admixture grout also provides a possible means to reduce gloving significantly by generating extra shredding force and broadening the shredding range in the process of bolt installation

The tribological performance of a long chain alkyl phenylboric ammonium derivative and its interaction with ZDDP

A long chain alkyl phenylboric ammonium derivative (DBBM) was synthesized as a lubricating additive. The tribological performances of DBBM and combinations of DBBM and ZDDP as additives were evaluated, which suggests that DBBM has better tribological properties than ZDDP. X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was used for the analysis of thermal films and tribofilms. The results indicate that the boron in additive mainly forms trigonal and tetrahedral coordination boron both in thermal films and tribofilms, while sulfur mainly generates iron sulfate in thermal films and iron sulfide, iron disulfide, and iron sulfate in tribofilms. It also can be found that it is more likely to form low valence sulfur when the concentration of ZDDP increases in the combinations

The tribological performance of a long chain alkyl phenylboric ammonium derivative and its interaction with ZDDP

A long chain alkyl phenylboric ammonium derivative (DBBM) was synthesized as a lubricating additive. The tribological performances of DBBM and combinations of DBBM and ZDDP as additives were evaluated, which suggests that DBBM has better tribological properties than ZDDP. X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was used for the analysis of thermal films and tribofilms. The results indicate that the boron in additive mainly forms trigonal and tetrahedral coordination boron both in thermal films and tribofilms, while sulfur mainly generates iron sulfate in thermal films and iron sulfide, iron disulfide, and iron sulfate in tribofilms. It also can be found that it is more likely to form low valence sulfur when the concentration of ZDDP increases in the combinations

A novel highly selective allosteric inhibitor of tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) can block inflammation- and autoimmune-related pathways

Abstract Background As a member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family, which includes JAK1, JAK2 and JAK3, tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) plays an important role in signal transduction and immune system regulation. Moreover, it is also involved in the development of many types of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). TYK2 is an attractive therapeutic target, and selective inhibition of TYK2 over other JAK family members is critical for the development of TYK2 small molecule inhibitors. However, targeting the catalytic region of the TYK2 ATP-binding site is a major challenge due to the high structural homology between the catalytic regions of the JAK family proteins. Results In this study, we developed a novel small molecule inhibitor (QL-1200186) by targeting the pseudokinase regulatory domain (Janus homology 2, JH2) of the TYK2 protein. The binding sites of QL-1200186 were predicted and screened by molecular docking. The inhibitory effects on IFNα, IL-12 and IL-23 signaling were tested in cell lines, human peripheral blood cells and human whole blood. The pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic properties of QL-1200186 were verified in mice. QL-1200186 showed high affinity for TYK2 JH2 and had no apparent selectivity for the TYK2 and JAK homologous kinase domains; these effects were demonstrated using biochemical binding, signaling pathway transduction (JAK1/2/3) and off-target effect assays. More importantly, we revealed that QL-1200186 was functionally comparable and selectivity superior to two clinical-stage TYK2 inhibitors (BMS-986165 and NDI-034858) in vitro. In the PK studies, QL-1200186 exhibited excellent exposure, high bioavailability and low clearance rates in mice. Oral administration of QL-1200186 dose-dependently inhibited interferon-γ (IFNγ) production after interleukin-12 (IL-12) challenge and significantly ameliorated skin lesions in psoriatic mice. Conclusion These findings suggest that QL-1200186 is a highly selective and potent inhibitor of TYK2. QL-1200186 could be an appealing clinical drug candidate for the treatment of psoriasis and other autoimmune diseases. Video Abstrac