1,233 research outputs found
CP violation in lepton-number-conserving processes through heavy Majorana neutrinos at future lepton colliders
Small neutrino masses confirmed in the neutrino oscillation experiments
indicate the need for new physics beyond the standard model. Seesaw mechanism
is an interesting way to extend the standard model for explaining the neutrino
masses. In a low-scale type-I seesaw mechanism, the tiny masses of neutrinos
can be explained by heavy Majorana neutrino masses. Heavy Majorana neutrinos
can lead to lepton-number-violating processes and the induced CP violation can
contribute to the baryon asymmetry in the Universe. Heavy Majorana neutrinos
can also lead to lepton-number-conserving processes and in this paper, we study
the CP violation in lepton-number-conserving processes through heavy Majorana
neutrinos at future lepton colliders. New possible observations of CP violation
can also be connected to evidences of new physics beyond the standard model.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
Chinese herbal Jin-Ying-Tang attenuates the inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MyD88/TRAF-6/NIK pathway at the mRNA level in LPS-stimulated mouse mammary epithelial cells
Introduction: The effects of Jin-Ying-Tang (JYT) on Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling transduction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in vitro were examined. Material and Methods: The cytotoxicity of JYT (0.06-62.50 mg/mL) on mouse MECs was determined by MTT assay. The MECs were co-cultured with LPS in the presence or absence of JYT (39.10 mu g/mL, 391 mu g/mL, 3910 mu g/mL). The concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the culture supernatants were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expression of TLR4 and downstream TLR4 signalling molecules such as myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), tumour necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF-6), inhibitor kappa B (I kappa B), and nuclear factor.B inducing kinase (NIK) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: The results showed that the IC50 of JYT on MECs was 12.25 mg/mL and JYT could significantly decrease the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in LPS-stimulated MECs (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF-6, I kappa B, and NIK was also significantly decreased when the LPS-stimulated MECs were cocultured at appropriate concentrations of JYT (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Conclusion: These observations indicate a potential mechanism through which JYT attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to LPS-stimulated mouse mammary epithelial cells by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MyD88/TRAF-6/NIK pathway at the mRNA level
Chinese herbal Jin-Ying-Tang attenuates the inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MyD88/TRAF-6/NIK pathway at the mRNA level in LPS-stimulated mouse mammary epithelial cells
Introduction: The effects of Jin-Ying-Tang (JYT) on Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling transduction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in vitro were examined. Material and Methods: The cytotoxicity of JYT (0.06-62.50 mg/mL) on mouse MECs was determined by MTT assay. The MECs were co-cultured with LPS in the presence or absence of JYT (39.10 mu g/mL, 391 mu g/mL, 3910 mu g/mL). The concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the culture supernatants were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expression of TLR4 and downstream TLR4 signalling molecules such as myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), tumour necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF-6), inhibitor kappa B (I kappa B), and nuclear factor.B inducing kinase (NIK) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: The results showed that the IC50 of JYT on MECs was 12.25 mg/mL and JYT could significantly decrease the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in LPS-stimulated MECs (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF-6, I kappa B, and NIK was also significantly decreased when the LPS-stimulated MECs were cocultured at appropriate concentrations of JYT (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Conclusion: These observations indicate a potential mechanism through which JYT attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to LPS-stimulated mouse mammary epithelial cells by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MyD88/TRAF-6/NIK pathway at the mRNA level
Episodic Training for Domain Generalization
Domain generalization (DG) is the challenging and topical problem of learning
models that generalize to novel testing domains with different statistics than
a set of known training domains. The simple approach of aggregating data from
all source domains and training a single deep neural network end-to-end on all
the data provides a surprisingly strong baseline that surpasses many prior
published methods. In this paper, we build on this strong baseline by designing
an episodic training procedure that trains a single deep network in a way that
exposes it to the domain shift that characterises a novel domain at runtime.
Specifically, we decompose a deep network into feature extractor and classifier
components, and then train each component by simulating it interacting with a
partner who is badly tuned for the current domain. This makes both components
more robust, ultimately leading to our networks producing state-of-the-art
performance on three DG benchmarks. Furthermore, we consider the pervasive
workflow of using an ImageNet trained CNN as a fixed feature extractor for
downstream recognition tasks. Using the Visual Decathlon benchmark, we
demonstrate that our episodic-DG training improves the performance of such a
general-purpose feature extractor by explicitly training a feature for
robustness to novel problems. This shows that DG training can benefit standard
practice in computer vision.Comment: ICCV'19 CR version and fix Table 5. Code is now available at
https://github.com/HAHA-DL/Episodic-D
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