3,344 research outputs found
Distributed Machine Learning via Sufficient Factor Broadcasting
Matrix-parametrized models, including multiclass logistic regression and
sparse coding, are used in machine learning (ML) applications ranging from
computer vision to computational biology. When these models are applied to
large-scale ML problems starting at millions of samples and tens of thousands
of classes, their parameter matrix can grow at an unexpected rate, resulting in
high parameter synchronization costs that greatly slow down distributed
learning. To address this issue, we propose a Sufficient Factor Broadcasting
(SFB) computation model for efficient distributed learning of a large family of
matrix-parameterized models, which share the following property: the parameter
update computed on each data sample is a rank-1 matrix, i.e., the outer product
of two "sufficient factors" (SFs). By broadcasting the SFs among worker
machines and reconstructing the update matrices locally at each worker, SFB
improves communication efficiency --- communication costs are linear in the
parameter matrix's dimensions, rather than quadratic --- without affecting
computational correctness. We present a theoretical convergence analysis of
SFB, and empirically corroborate its efficiency on four different
matrix-parametrized ML models
Business Process Management: A Research Overview and Analysis
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Drug Resistance via Feedback Activation of Stat3 in Oncogene-Addicted Cancer Cells
SummaryPathway-targeted cancer drugs can produce dramatic responses that are invariably limited by the emergence of drug-resistant cells. We found that many drug-treated “oncogene-addicted” cancer cells engage a positive feedback loop leading to Stat3 activation, consequently promoting cell survival and limiting overall drug response. This was observed in cancer cells driven by diverse activated kinases, including EGFR, HER2, ALK, and MET, as well as mutant KRAS. Specifically, MEK inhibition led to autocrine activation of Stat3 via the FGF receptor and JAK kinases, and pharmacological inhibition of MEK together with JAK and FGFR enhanced tumor regression. These findings suggest that inhibition of a Stat3 feedback loop may augment the response to a broad spectrum of drugs that target pathways of oncogene addiction
Application of PEEP using the i-gel during volume-controlled ventilation in anesthetized, paralyzed patients
PURPOSE: This prospective, randomized trial was designed to assess whether the i-gel supraglottic airway device is suitable for volume-controlled ventilation while applying positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cmH(2)O under general anesthesia. It was believed that this device might improve arterial oxygenation. METHODS: Forty adult patients (aged 20–60 years) scheduled for elective orthopedic surgery were enrolled in this study. Twenty patients were ventilated without external PEEP [zero positive end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) group], and the other 20 were ventilated with PEEP 5 cmH(2)O (PEEP group) after placing an i-gel device. Volume-controlled ventilation at a tidal volume (TV) of 8 ml/kg of ideal body weight, leak volume, and arterial blood gas analysis were investigated. RESULTS: The incidences of a significant leak were similar in the ZEEP and PEEP groups (3/20 and 1/20, respectively; P = 0.605), as were leak volumes. No significant PaO(2) difference was observed between the two groups at 1 h after satisfactory i-gel insertion (215 ± 38 vs. 222 ± 54; P = 0.502). CONCLUSIONS: The use of an i-gel during PEEP application at 5 cmH(2)O did not increase the incidence of a significant air leak, and a PEEP of 5 cmH(2)O failed to improve arterial oxygenation during controlled ventilation in healthy adult patients
2-D Equivalent finite element model of quadratic linear electromagnetic actuator
The purpose of this paper is to present a 2-D equivalent finite element model of a quadratic linear electromagnetic actuator that can save space and power as it does not employ an energy conversion system. A 2-D model, while being fairly accurate, is preferable to a 3-D finite element analysis for the design and analysis of a quadratic linear electromagnetic actuator as it requires significantly lower computing resources and results in faster calculations. We calculate the effective coil length for the equivalent 2-D finite element model and validate the accuracy of this model with experimental data
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