Conical Defects, Black Holes and Higher Spin (Super-)Symmetry

We study the (super-)symmetries of classical solutions in the higher spin (super-)gravity in AdS$_3$. We show that the symmetries of the solutions are encoded in the holonomy around the spatial circle. When the spatial holonomies of the solutions are trivial, they preserve maximal symmetries of the theory, and are actually the smooth conical defects. We find all the smooth conical defects in the $sl(N), so(2N+1),sp(2N), so(2N), g_2$, as well as in $sl(N|N-1)$ and $osp(2N+1|2N)$ Chern-Simons gravity theories. In the bosonic higher spin cases, there are one-to-one correspondences between the smooth conical defects and the highest weight representations of Lie group. Furthermore we investigate the higher spin black holes in $osp(3|2)$ and $sl(3|2)$ higher spin (super-)gravity and find that they are only partially symmetric. In general, the black holes break all the supersymmetries, but in some cases they preserve part of the supersymmetries.Comment: 48 pages; more clarifications on conical defects in supersymmetric cas

Black holes in Truncated Higher Spin AdS3_3 Gravity

We study the higher spin black holes in a truncated version of higher spin gravity in $AdS_3$. This theory contains only finite number of even spins s=2,4,...,2N. We mainly focus on the simplest case, so-called (Type I and II) spin ${\tilde 4}$ gravity, which contains only spin 2 and spin 4 fields. This spin ${\tilde 4}$ gravity is as simple as spin 3 gravity, thus provides another example to test various ideas on higher spin gravity. We find that the asymptotical symmetry of this spin ${\tilde 4}$ gravity is a classical W(2,4)-symmetry. Moreover, we study the black hole solution with pure spin 4 hair and discuss its thermodynamics. One important feature of this black hole is that its entropy could be written in compact forms. Furthermore, we investigate a $G_2$ generated higher spin gravity. This higher spin gravity only contains spin 2 and spin 6 fields which makes it different from other kinds of higher spin gravity. We find the corresponding black hole with spin 6 hair, and discuss its thermodynamics analytically. It turns out that the black holes with spin 4 or spin 6 hair constructed in this paper are the only black holes with single higher spin hair, besides the spin 3 black hole found in arXiv:1103.4304.Comment: 23 pages;minor revision, references added; published versio

Contract Time Optimization Methodologies for Highway Construction Projects

This study was conducted to develop methodologies for appropriately determining the monetary values of I/D rates of highway construction projects in Indiana. In this study, a comprehensive literature review was performed to identify possible effective methodologies for work zone effects, construction impacts, and contract time optimization. The highway production rates were developed in a previous study. The production rates were validated and adjusted with the help from INDOT field engineers. The weighin- motion (WIM) collected traffic data were obtained, processed, and analyzed to provide input data for user cost calculations at highway work zones. Construction data were obtained and processed to develop the relationship between the construction cost and construction time. With the traffic and construction data, the methods for user cost calculations were developed as the basis of determining appropriate I/D rates. User costs resulting from traffic delays at Indiana highway work zones were analyzed. A series of equations for estimating user costs at work zones were developed. User cost calculation sheets using MS Excel were developed based on the traffic data on Indiana highway network. Finally, a method was developed to determine I/D rates based on the relationship between construction cost and construction time in combination with the estimated user costs at given work zones. Guidelines for developing A+B bidding and I/D provisions were provided

Isolation and Cultivation Methods of Actinobacteria

Actinobacteria (actinomycetes) have been received much attention, as these bacteria produce a variety of natural drugs and other bioactive metabolites. The distribution of actinomycetes in various natural habitats, including soil, ocean, extreme environments, plant, lichens and animals, is described. The collection and pretreatment of test samples from different sources, design principle of selective isolation media, selection of inhibitors, selective isolation procedures of special actinomycetes, and cultivation methods are introduced and discussed