7,284 research outputs found
Effects of Luminosity Functions Induced by Relativistic Beaming on Statistics of Cosmological Gamma-Ray Bursts
We study the effects of the beaming-induced luminosity function on statistics
of observed GRBs, assuming the cosmological scenario. We select and divide the
BATSE 4B data into 588 long bursts (T sec) and 149 short bursts
(T sec), and compare the statistics calculated in each subgroup. The
of the long bursts is $ 0.2901\pm 0.0113$, and that of the
short bursts is $0.4178\pm 0.0239$, which is a Euclidean value. For luminosity
function models, we consider a cylindrical-beam and a conic-beam. We take into
account the spatial distribution of GRB sources as well. A broad luminosity
function is naturally produced when one introduces beaming of GRBs. We
calculate the maximum detectable redshift of GRBs, $z_{\rm max}$. The estimated
$z_{\rm max}$ for the cylindrical-beam case is as high as $\sim 14$ for the
long bursts and $\sim 3$ for the short bursts. The large $z_{\rm max}$ value
for the short bursts is rather surprising in that the for
this subgroup is close to the so-called Euclidean value, 0.5. We calculate the
fraction of bursts whose redshifts are larger than a certain redshift ,
i.e. . When we take and apply the luminosity function
derived for the cylindrical-beam, the expected is
for long bursts. When we increase the opening angle of the conic beam to
, decreases to at . We conclude that the beaming-induced luminosity functions are
compatible with the redshift distribution of observed GRBs and that the
apparent Euclidean value of may not be due to the Euclidean
space distribution but to the luminosity distribution.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal (vol. 548, Feb.
20 2001
Curiosity Beyond the Hidden
What lies beneath the surface of vessels? This captivating thesis explores the hidden world within, drawing inspiration from traditional Korean ceramics and employing coil-built sculptures. By focusing on the hollowness of vessels, this study unveils their profound interconnectedness and inherent uniqueness.
Through spontaneous stacking of claylike glazes and textured elements, the artwork reveals mysterious processes and transformations within these vessels. Exposing the intricacies of hollow spaces, viewers are invited to contemplate the mesmerizing realms concealed within.
Intertwining elements of Korean heritagewith intricate structures, this artistic endeavor
sheds light on the hidden and challenges preconceived notions of everyday existence. The work transcends the tangible, materializing intangible aspects of life that shape our beliefs and perceptions.
Engaging with these evocative sculptures awakens curiosity and wonder, fostering a deeper appreciation for the complexities of our world. By peering into vessel depths, connections are forged, and the beauty beyond ordinary perception is uncovered.
Join the unraveling of mysteries, embrace the transformative power of vessels, and embark on a profound exploration of interconnectivity. This thesis invites you to delve into the hidden, question assumptions, and discover the boundless possibilities within the vessels of our shared human experience.
A Logical Model and Data Placement Strategies for MEMS Storage Devices
MEMS storage devices are new non-volatile secondary storages that have
outstanding advantages over magnetic disks. MEMS storage devices, however, are
much different from magnetic disks in the structure and access characteristics.
They have thousands of heads called probe tips and provide the following two
major access facilities: (1) flexibility: freely selecting a set of probe tips
for accessing data, (2) parallelism: simultaneously reading and writing data
with the set of probe tips selected. Due to these characteristics, it is
nontrivial to find data placements that fully utilize the capability of MEMS
storage devices. In this paper, we propose a simple logical model called the
Region-Sector (RS) model that abstracts major characteristics affecting data
retrieval performance, such as flexibility and parallelism, from the physical
MEMS storage model. We also suggest heuristic data placement strategies based
on the RS model and derive new data placements for relational data and
two-dimensional spatial data by using those strategies. Experimental results
show that the proposed data placements improve the data retrieval performance
by up to 4.0 times for relational data and by up to 4.8 times for
two-dimensional spatial data of approximately 320 Mbytes compared with those of
existing data placements. Further, these improvements are expected to be more
marked as the database size grows.Comment: 37 page
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Clinical Decision Support Functions and Digitalization of Clinical Documents of Electronic Medical Record Systems
Objectives
The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical decision support (CDS) functions and digitalization of clinical documents of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems in Korea. This exploratory study was conducted focusing on current status of EMR systems.
Methods
This study used a nationwide survey on EMR systems conducted from July 25, 2018 to September 30, 2018 in Korea. The unit of analysis was hospitals. Respondents of the survey were mainly medical recorders or staff members in departments of health insurance claims or information technology. This study analyzed data acquired from 132 hospitals that participated in the survey.
Results
This study found that approximately 80% of clinical documents were digitalized in both general and small hospitals. The percentages of general and small hospitals with 100% paperless medical charts were 33.7% and 38.2%, respectively. The EMR systems of general hospitals are more likely to have CDS functions of warnings regarding drug dosage, reminders of clinical schedules, and clinical guidelines compared to those of small hospitals; this difference was statistically significant. For the lists of digitalized clinical documents, almost 93% of EMR systems in general hospitals have the inpatient progress note, operation records, and discharge summary notes digitalized.
Conclusions
EMRs are becoming increasingly important. This study found that the functions and digital documentation of EMR systems still have a large gap, which should be improved and made more sophisticated. We hope that the results of this study will contribute to the development of more sophisticated EMR systems
Electric field control of nonvolatile four-state magnetization at room temperature
We find the realization of large converse magnetoelectric (ME) effects at
room temperature in a multiferroic hexaferrite
BaSrCoFeO single crystal, in which rapid
change of electric polarization in low magnetic fields (about 5 mT) is coined
to a large ME susceptibility of 3200 ps/m. The modulation of magnetization then
reaches up to 0.62 /f.u. in an electric field of 1.14 MV/m. We find
further that four ME states induced by different ME poling exhibit unique,
nonvolatile magnetization versus electric field curves, which can be
approximately described by an effective free energy with a distinct set of ME
coefficients
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