Applicability of the Friedberg-Lee-Zhao method

Friedberg, Lee and Zhao proposed a method for effectively evaluating the eigenenergies and eigen wavefunctions of quantum systems. In this work, we study several special cases to investigate applicability of the method. Concretely, we calculate the ground-state eigenenergy of the Hellmann potential as well as the Cornell potential, and also evaluate the energies of the systems where linear term is added to the Coulomb and harmonic oscillator potentials as a perturbation. The results obtained in this method have a surprising agreement with the traditional method or the numerical results. Since the results in this method have obvious analyticity compared to that in other methods, and because of the simplicity for calculations this method can be applied to solving the Schr\"{o}dinger equation and provides us better understanding of the physical essence of the concerned systems. But meanwhile applications of the FLZ method are restricted at present, especially for certain potential forms, but due to its obvious advantages, it should be further developed.Comment: 14 pages,no figure

Suppression of stimulated Raman scattering by angularly incoherent light, towards a laser system of incoherence in all dimensions of time, space, and angle

Laser-plasma instability (LPI) is one of the main obstacles in laser-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) for achieving predictable and reproducible fusion at high gain. For the first time we have proved analytically and confirmed with three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations that angular incoherence has additional and much stronger suppression of the instability growth rate than the well-known temporal incoherence and spatial incoherence usually used in ICF studies. For the model used in our calculations, the maximum field ratio between the stimulated Raman scattering and the driving pulses drops from 0.2 for the Laguerre-Gaussian pulse with a single non-zero topological charge to 0.05 for the super light spring with an angular momentum spread and random relative phases. In particular, angular incoherence does not introduce extra undesirable hot electrons. This opens a novel way to suppress LPI with the light of an angular momentum spread and paves the way towards a low LPI laser system with a super light spring of incoherence in all dimensions of time, space, and angle

Tetrakis[μ-3-(3-hy­droxy­phen­yl)propenoato]bis­{aqua­(2,2′-bipyridine)­[3-(3-hy­droxy­phen­yl)propenoato]neodymium(III)} 2,2′-bipyridine disolvate dihydrate

The dinuclear title compound, [Nd2(C9H7O3)6(C10H8N2)2]·2C10H8N2·2H2O, was synthesized under hydro­thermal conditions. The centrosymmetric complex consists of two nine-coordinated Nd3+ cations, six 3-hy­droxy­cinnamate anions and two chelating 2,2′-bipyridine mol­ecules. The coordination geometry around the cations can be best described as distorted tricapped trigonal-prismatic. The carboxyl­ate groups show different coordination and bridging modes. Two of them chelate to one Nd3+ cation, two bridge the two cations in a bis-monodentate fashion, and two chelate to one and bridge monodentately to the symmetry-related Nd3+ cation. The dinuclear mol­ecule is surrounded by two 2,2′-bipyridine solvent and two water mol­ecules. Extensive O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter­actions between the components lead to the formation of a three-dimensional network

catena-Poly[[[aqua­[3-(3-hy­droxy­phen­yl)prop-2-enoato]samarium(III)]-bis­[μ2-3-(3-hy­droxy­phen­yl)prop-2-enoato]] monohydrate]

The title SmIII compound, {[Sm(C9H7O3)3(H2O)]·H2O}n, was obtained under hydrothermal conditions. Its structure is isotypic with the analogous Eu complex. The latter was reported incorrectly in space group P1 by Yan et al. [J. Mol. Struct. (2008), 891, 298–304]. This was corrected by Marsh [Acta Cryst. B65, 782–783] to P-1. The SmIII ion is nine-coordinated by O atoms from one coordinating water molecule and the remaining ones from the 3-(3-hy­droxy­phen­yl)prop-2-enoatate anions (one bidentate, two bidentate and bridging, two monodentate bridging), leading to a distorted tricapped trigonal–prismatic coordination polyhedron surrounded by solvent water mol­ecules. In the crystal, extensive intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions and π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid separation = 3.9393 (1) Å] lead to the formation of a three-dimensional supra­molecular network

The rodent models of arteriovenous fistula

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) have long been used as dialysis access in patients with end-stage renal disease; however, their maturation and long-term patency still fall short of clinical needs. Rodent models are irreplaceable to facilitate the study of mechanisms and provide reliable insights into clinical problems. The ideal rodent AVF model recapitulates the major features and pathology of human disease as closely as possible, and pre-induction of the uremic milieu is an important addition to AVF failure studies. Herein, we review different surgical methods used so far to create AVF in rodents, including surgical suturing, needle puncture, and the cuff technique. We also summarize commonly used evaluations after AVF placement. The aim was to provide recent advances and ideas for better selection and induction of rodent AVF models. At the same time, further improvements in the models and a deeper understanding of AVF failure mechanisms are expected