A characterization of virtually embedded subsurfaces in 3-manifolds

The paper introduces the spirality character of the almost fiber part for a closed essentially immersed subsurface of a closed orientable aspherical 3-manifold, which generalizes an invariant due to Rubinstein and Wang. The subsurface is virtually embedded if and only if the almost fiber part is aspiral, and in this case, the subsurface is virtually a leaf of a taut foliation. Besides other consequences, examples are exhibited that non-geometric 3-manifolds with no Seifert fibered pieces may contain essentially immersed but not virtually embedded closed subsurfaces.Comment: 28 pages. Errors of previous Proposition 3.1 and Formula 7.2 correcte

A Jorgensen-Thurston theorem for homomorphisms

In this note, we provide a description of the structure of homomorphisms from a finitely generated group to any torsion-free (3-dimensional) Kleinian group with uniformly bounded finite covolume. This is analogous to the Jorgensen-Thurston Theorem in hyperbolic geometry.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure