NegVSR: Augmenting Negatives for Generalized Noise Modeling in Real-World Video Super-Resolution

The capability of video super-resolution (VSR) to synthesize high-resolution (HR) video from ideal datasets has been demonstrated in many works. However, applying the VSR model to real-world video with unknown and complex degradation remains a challenging task. First, existing degradation metrics in most VSR methods are not able to effectively simulate real-world noise and blur. On the contrary, simple combinations of classical degradation are used for real-world noise modeling, which led to the VSR model often being violated by out-of-distribution noise. Second, many SR models focus on noise simulation and transfer. Nevertheless, the sampled noise is monotonous and limited. To address the aforementioned problems, we propose a Negatives augmentation strategy for generalized noise modeling in Video Super-Resolution (NegVSR) task. Specifically, we first propose sequential noise generation toward real-world data to extract practical noise sequences. Then, the degeneration domain is widely expanded by negative augmentation to build up various yet challenging real-world noise sets. We further propose the augmented negative guidance loss to learn robust features among augmented negatives effectively. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets (e.g., VideoLQ and FLIR) show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods with clear margins, especially in visual quality

Generation of integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells (GZHMUi001-A) by reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a 47, XXX syndrome patient

47, XXX syndrome is one of several sex-chromosomal aneuploidies, and it has an incidence of approximately 1/1000 in newborn females. Because of heterogeneity in X-inactivation, these patients may exhibit a variety of clinical symptoms. Here, we report the generation of an integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cell line (GZHMUi001-A) by using Sendai virus to reprogram peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a 47, XXX syndrome patient with premature ovarian failure. This 47, XXX iPS cell line has characteristics of pluripotent stem cells and is a useful tool for the investigation of this X chromosome aneuploid disease

Generation of GZKHQi001-A and GZWWTi001-A, two induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disease caused by mutations in the DMD gene, which spans ~2.4 Mb of genomic sequence at locus Xp21. This mutation results in the loss of the protein dystrophin. DMD patients die in their second or third decade due to either respiratory failure or cardiomyopathy, as the absence of dystrophin leads to myofiber membrane fragility and necrosis, eventually resulting in muscle atrophy and contractures. Currently, there is no effective treatment for DMD, therefore induced pluripotent stem cells from DMD patients would be a powerful tool for studying disease mechanisms

Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of β‐thalassemia by relative haplotype dosage without analyzing proband

Abstract Background β‐thalassemia is one of the most common monogenic diseases in the world. Southeast China is a highly infected area affected by four β‐thalassemia mutation types (HBB:c.‐78A>G, HBB:c.52A>T, HBB:c.126_129delCTTT, and HBB:c.316‐197C>T). Relative haplotype dosage (RHDO), a haplotype‐based approach, has shown promise as an application for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD); however, additional family members (such as the proband) are required for haplotype construction. The abovementioned circumstances make RHDO‐based NIPD cost prohibitive; additionally, the genetic information of the proband is not always available. Thus, it is necessary to find a practical method to solve these problems. Methods Targeted sequencing was applied to sequence parental genomic DNA and cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA). Parental haplotypes were constructed with the SHAPEIT software based on the 1000 Genomes Project (1000G) Phase 3 v5 Southern Han Chinese (CHS) haplotype dataset. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the target region were called and classified, and the fetal mutation inheritance status was deduced using the RHDO method. Results Construction of the parental haplotypes and detection of the inherited parental mutations were successfully achieved in five families, despite a suspected recombination event. The status of the affected fetuses is consistent with the results of traditional reverse dot blot (RDB) diagnosis. Conclusion This research introduced SHAPEIT into the classical RHDO workflow and proved that it is applicable to construct parental haplotypes without information from other family members