136 research outputs found
SeACo-Paraformer: A Non-Autoregressive ASR System with Flexible and Effective Hotword Customization Ability
Hotword customization is one of the important issues remained in ASR field -
it is of value to enable users of ASR systems to customize names of entities,
persons and other phrases. The past few years have seen both implicit and
explicit modeling strategies for ASR contextualization developed. While these
approaches have performed adequately, they still exhibit certain shortcomings
such as instability in effectiveness. In this paper we propose
Semantic-augmented Contextual-Paraformer (SeACo-Paraformer) a novel NAR based
ASR system with flexible and effective hotword customization ability. It
combines the accuracy of the AED-based model, the efficiency of the NAR model,
and the excellent performance in contextualization. In 50,000 hours industrial
big data experiments, our proposed model outperforms strong baselines in
customization and general ASR tasks. Besides, we explore an efficient way to
filter large scale incoming hotwords for further improvement. The source codes
and industrial models proposed and compared are all opened as well as two
hotword test sets.Comment: updated draf
Generative Model Watermarking Based on Human Visual System
Intellectual property protection of deep neural networks is receiving
attention from more and more researchers, and the latest research applies model
watermarking to generative models for image processing. However, the existing
watermarking methods designed for generative models do not take into account
the effects of different channels of sample images on watermarking. As a
result, the watermarking performance is still limited. To tackle this problem,
in this paper, we first analyze the effects of embedding watermark information
on different channels. Then, based on the characteristics of human visual
system (HVS), we introduce two HVS-based generative model watermarking methods,
which are realized in RGB color space and YUV color space respectively. In RGB
color space, the watermark is embedded into the R and B channels based on the
fact that HVS is more sensitive to G channel. In YUV color space, the watermark
is embedded into the DCT domain of U and V channels based on the fact that HVS
is more sensitive to brightness changes. Experimental results demonstrate the
effectiveness of the proposed work, which improves the fidelity of the model to
be protected and has good universality compared with previous methods.Comment: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=IdiF7M0AAAAJ&hl=e
Test-Time Adaptation for Nighttime Color-Thermal Semantic Segmentation
The ability to scene understanding in adverse visual conditions, e.g.,
nighttime, has sparked active research for RGB-Thermal (RGB-T) semantic
segmentation. However, it is essentially hampered by two critical problems: 1)
the day-night gap of RGB images is larger than that of thermal images, and 2)
the class-wise performance of RGB images at night is not consistently higher or
lower than that of thermal images. we propose the first test-time adaptation
(TTA) framework, dubbed Night-TTA, to address the problems for nighttime RGBT
semantic segmentation without access to the source (daytime) data during
adaptation. Our method enjoys three key technical parts. Firstly, as one
modality (e.g., RGB) suffers from a larger domain gap than that of the other
(e.g., thermal), Imaging Heterogeneity Refinement (IHR) employs an interaction
branch on the basis of RGB and thermal branches to prevent cross-modal
discrepancy and performance degradation. Then, Class Aware Refinement (CAR) is
introduced to obtain reliable ensemble logits based on pixel-level distribution
aggregation of the three branches. In addition, we also design a specific
learning scheme for our TTA framework, which enables the ensemble logits and
three student logits to collaboratively learn to improve the quality of
predictions during the testing phase of our Night TTA. Extensive experiments
show that our method achieves state-of-the-art (SoTA) performance with a 13.07%
boost in mIoU
Small-molecule activation of lysosomal TRP channels ameliorates Duchenne muscular dystrophy in mouse models
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating disease caused by mutations in dystrophin that compromise sarcolemma integrity. Currently, there is no treatment for DMD. Mutations in transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (ML1), a lysosomal Ca2+ channel required for lysosomal exocytosis, produce a DMD-like phenotype. Here, we show that transgenic overexpression or pharmacological activation of ML1 in vivo facilitates sarcolemma repair and alleviates the dystrophic phenotypes in both skeletal and cardiac muscles of mdx mice (a mouse model of DMD). Hallmark dystrophic features of DMD, including myofiber necrosis, central nucleation, fibrosis, elevated serum creatine kinase levels, reduced muscle force, impaired motor ability, and dilated cardiomyopathies, were all ameliorated by increasing ML1 activity. ML1-dependent activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) corrects lysosomal insufficiency to diminish muscle damage. Hence, targeting lysosomal Ca2+ channels may represent a promising approach to treat DMD and related muscle diseases
Knowledge structure and hotspots research of glioma immunotherapy: a bibliometric analysis
BackgroundGlioma is the most common primary brain tumor. Traditional treatments for glioma include surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and bevacizumab therapy, but their efficacies are limited. Immunotherapy provides a new direction for glioma treatment. This study aimed to summarize the knowledge structure and research hotspots of glioma immunotherapy through a bibliometric analysis.MethodPublications pertaining to glioma immunotherapy published during the period from 1st January 1990 to 27th March 2023 were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Bibliometric analysis and visualization were performed using the CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology, and R software. The hotspots and prospects of glioma immunotherapy research were illustrated via analyzing the countries, institutions, journals, authors, citations and keywords of eligible publications.ResultsA total of 1,929 publications pertaining to glioma immunotherapy in 502 journals were identified as of 27th March 2023, involving 9,505 authors from 1,988 institutions in 62 countries. Among them were 1,285 articles and 644 reviews. Most of publications were produced by the United States. JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY published the majority of publications pertaining to glioma immunotherapy. Among the authors, Lim M contributed the largest number of publications. Through analyzing keyword bursts and co-cited references, immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were identified as the research focus and hotspot.ConclusionUsing a bibliometric analysis, this study provided the knowledge structure and research hotspots in glioma immunotherapy research during the past 33 years, with ICIs staying in the current and future hotspot. Our findings may direct the research of glioma immunotherapy in the future
A review of the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, analysis method and quality control, processing methods, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of codonopsis radix
Codonopsis Radix, a traditional Chinese medicine in China, has great medicinal and scientific value. Moreover, it can also be used as a health product in daily diet. This paper reviews the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, analysis method and quality control, processing methods, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics and toxicity related to Codonopsis Radix. The information of Codonopsis Radix is obtained from scientific databases (such as Baidu Scholar, CNKI, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and SciFinder Scholar), Chinese herbal classics, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, PhD and MSc dissertations, and so on. The chemical components mainly include alkaloids, alkynes and polyacetylenes, flavonoids, lignans, steroids, terpenoids, organic acids, volatile oils, saccharides and other components, which have a wide range of neuroprotective effects, protection of gastrointestinal mucosa and anti-ulcer, regulation of body immunity, anti-tumor, endocrine regulation, improvement of hematopoietic function, cardiovascular protection, anti-aging and antioxidant effects. In conclusion, this paper summarizes in depth the shortcomings of the current research on Codonopsis Radix and proposes corresponding solutions. At the same time, this paper provides theoretical support for further research on the biological function and potential clinical efficacy of Codonopsis Radix
Quantitative analysis of the developmental potential of cells and tissues based on evolutionary conservation of genes and regulatory regions
Objective·To study the relationship between evolution and the
developmental process from the perspective of DNA sequence conservation, and explore their
inherent principles.Methods·First, conservation rate (CR) was established by analyzing the
conservation of amino acid sequences of coding genes in 100 species to quantify the
evolutionary conservation of genes. The relationship between CR and developmental potential
was verified by using the feature genes involved in embryonic stem cells pathways. Secondly,
cell type-specific genes and their characteristics in conservation were studied by analyzing
the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of the three early germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and
endoderm) and their corresponding mature organs (brain, heart, liver, etc). Then, chromatin
immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data of enhancer histone H3 acetylated at lysine 27
(H3K27ac) from early germ layers and mature organs were collected to search for enhancer sites
and identify super enhancers in various cells and tissues by using the ROSE procedure.
Functional enrichment and signaling pathway analysis of genes was used to examine the identity
correlation between SEs-regulated genes and the corresponding cell characteristics, to clarify
whether the SEs identified in this study were consistent with the characteristics reported in
previous studies. Finally, PhastCons program was used to calculate the DNA conservation score
(CS) of non-coding regulatory regions to study their relationship with developmental
potential.Results·In the coding region of DNA, CR was successfully established to quantify the
conservation of genes. The gene expression data of early germ layers and mature organs showed
that the genes with higher conservation rate were more relevant to the stemness and early
developmental process, and the differences between the tissues from early and late development
could be distinguished by using CR. In the non-coding regions of DNA, it was found that the
conservation of regulatory regions was also correlated with development. The CS of the SE
sequences in the early developmental germ layers was significantly higher than that of the SE
sequences in the corresponding mature organs. However, cell-specific typical enhancers (TEs)
did not show such a trend.Conclusion·During the developmental process, CR of genes expressed
in the coding region decreases, and CS of super-enhancer DNA in the non-coding region
decreases
Prediction of ESRD in IgA Nephropathy Patients from an Asian Cohort: A Random Forest Model
Background/Aims: There is an increasing risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among Asian people with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). A computer-aided system for ESRD prediction in Asian IgAN patients has not been well studied. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed biopsy-proven IgAN patients treated at the Department of Nephrology of the Second Xiangya Hospital from January 2009 to November 2013. Demographic and clinicopathological data were obtained within 1 month of renal biopsy. A random forest (RF) model was employed to predict the ESRD status in IgAN patients. All cases were initially trained and validated, taking advantage of the out-of-bagging(OOB) error. Predictors used in the model were selected according to the Gini impurity index in the RF model and verified by logistic regression analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve (AUC) and F-measure were used to evaluate the RF model. Results: A total of 262 IgAN patients were enrolled in this study with a median follow-up time of 4.66 years. The importance rankings of predictors of ESRD in the RF model were first obtained, indicating some of the most important predictors. Logistic regression also showed that these factors were statistically associated with ESRD status. We first trained an initial RF model using gender, age, hypertension, serum creatinine, 24-hour proteinuria and histological grading suggested by the Clinical Decision Support System for IgAN (CDSS, www.IgAN.net). This 6-predictor model achieved a F-measure of 0.8 and an AUC of 92.57%. By adding Oxford-MEST scores, this model outperformed the initial model with an improved AUC (96.1%) and F-measure (0.823). When C3 staining was incorporated, the AUC was 97.29% and F-measure increased to 0.83. Adding the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) improved the AUC to 95.45%. We also observed improved performance of the model with additional inputs of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, hemoglobin and albumin. Conclusion: In addition to the predictors in the CDSS, Oxford-MEST scores, C3 staining and eGFR conveyed additional information for ESRD prediction in Chinese IgAN patients using a RF model
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