Monopsonistic Wage Discrimination and Employment Effect under Conditions of Constant Labor Supply Elasticity

Monopsonistic wage discrimination and employment effect under conditions of constant labor supply elasticit

The Effects of Macroeconomic Policies on Crime

This paper investigates whether monetary and fiscal policies, such as lump-sum taxes, distortionary taxation and monetization of public deficit, have criminal impacts. We address this question extending the neoclassical monetary growth model. We have demonstrated that fiscal policies affect crime through government spending. Conversely, the effect of monetary policy, especially inflation, on crime depends on the separability of the utility function.Crime

An early mathematical presentation of consumer's surplus

This paper shows the first presentation of consumer's surplus as a definite integral is in Launhardt''s 1885 masterpiece, Mathematische Begrundung Der Volkswirtschaftslehre. In chapter 32, Launhardt applied integral calculus to derive the consumer''s surplus of a decrease in the freight rate for each consumer at a market point and for all consumers in the whole market area. Launhardt''s analysis is typically reproduced in the modern literature on non-spatial and spatial economics without any acknowledgement of Launhardt. Launhardt''s name deserves to be mentioned alongside with Dupuit and Marhall as an early anticipator of many key elements in the theory of consumer''s surplus.Consumer's Surplus

Launhardt's early contributions to the spatial monopoly model

This paper shows that an early appearance of the formal spatial monopoly model is in Chapter 27 of Launhardt's 1985 book, Mathematical Principles of Economics (1993). The well-known spatial monopoly model developed by the pioneering works of Beckmann (1968, pp. 32-33, p. 51) and Greenhut and Ohta (1975, pp. 23-27) was anticipated by Launhardt. Launhardt should be given credit for it.

The Implications of Quantity-Discounted Transportation Rates on Output Effect of Discriminatory F.O.B. Pricing

This paper examines the theoretical implications of quantity-discounted transportation rates on output effect of discriminatory f.o.b. mill pricing. Assume that the plant location of a monopoly is predetermined and demand curves are linear at two separate markets. It shows that total output under either discriminatory f.o.b. mill pricing or simple f.o.b. mill pricing remains the same when transportation rates are constant or linear. It further shows that total output will be greater under discriminatory f.o.b. mill pricing than under simple f.o.b. mill pricing when the transportation rate curve is convex in the market with less elastic demand and the transportation rate curve is concave in the market with more elastic demand. This indicates that the quantity-discounted transportation rates have an important influence on the output effect of spatial price discrimination.discriminatory f.o.b. pricing, quantity-discounted transportation rates, output effect