Study of vitamins in pulmonary Tuberculosis

Background: In recent years, progress in Tuberculosis (TB) control and eradication has been threatened by the emergence of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Several studies describe micronutrient malnutrition in TB. This study focuses on the effect of drug resistance and disease progression on levels of various vitamins.Methods: The case control study comprised of 50 normal healthy human volunteers (Control), 50 newly diagnosed TB patients (CAT I) and 50 TB patients showing multi drug resistance (MDR). Recruited subjects were of both genders in age group of 18- 60 years and from different socioeconomic status. Blood serum samples analysed for levels of Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Vitamin B12 and Folic acid by using Spectrophotometer, ELISA and Chemiluminescence instruments. Statistical evaluation was done for correlation among variables.Results: The levels of vitamins in TB patients were significantly reduced when compared with controls. Also, MDR-TB patients showed severe malnourished state in comparison to those who were newly diagnosed for the disease.Conclusions: There is a need to provide vitamin supplements in proper sufficient dosage with anti-TB drugs during treatment, which will help fight against the disease and ensure rapid recovery of the patients

Study of oxidative stress and C-Reactive protein in type-2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and insulin action or both. T2DM is associated with chronic low grade inflammation, possibly through a pathway involving a cytokine-mediated acute-phase response to infection and other inflammatory processes. authors aim to study C-reactive protein (CRP) which is an acute-phase reactant produced primarily in the liver hepatocytes. Oxidative stress levels in newly diagnosed T2M patients were analysed with respect to malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO).Methods: Case-control study comprising of aged-sex matched subjects: newly diagnosed T2DM cases (n=30) and controls (n=30). The serum samples of subjects were analysed for levels of MDA by Buege and Aust method, while NO levels by Cortas and Wakid’s kinetic cadmium reduction method using spectrophotometer. CRP levels were analysed by using turbidimetry. Statistical analysis was done using Mini-tab 17 software with 95% confidence interval.Results: Serum levels of MDA, NO and CRP in newly diagnosed T2DM patients were significantly increased as compared to healthy controls.Conclusions:  Authors concluded that the oxidative stress and inflammation plays a pivotal role in the aetiology of hyperglycemia in T2DM. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers might help prognosis of T2DM in hyperglycemic individuals with the help of which precautionary measure can be taken to reduce the rate of disease progression. Treatment involving anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory medications might help to rescue vital organs from damage