Survey of potential diagnostic metabolite markers in serum of the rat model of alzheimer�s disease using nuclear magnatic resonance (1H-nmr) technique

Introduction: The high prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in today's societies indicates an urgent need for the development of methods that will help the early diagnosis of the disease. In this study, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (1H-NMR) metabolomics, identification of altered and distinct metabolites in serum of the rat model of AD was performed compared with healthy controls with the aim of introducing potential markers and to further understand the mechanisms of the AD. Materials and Methods: Serum samples from 25 adult male rats (10 healthy and 15 AD) were collected and their metabolites were extracted and analyzed using 1H-NMR technique. Differential metabolite profile was then determined by multivariate statistical analysis. The behavioral screening of the model rats was performed by the paired-associated learning method. Results: The results of the behavioral study showed the impairment of memory abilities in AD rats. Differential metabolites between the two groups were identified by multivariate analysis methods such as OPLS and Random Forest. Importantly, the results showed that there were differences in the pathways related to energy and amino acid metabolism between the control group and the Alzheimer's model. Conclusion: This research opens new horizons to identify biomarkers and physiological pathways involved in Alzheimer�s disease. The introduced metabolites must be confirmed by further studies and might be used as candidate biomarkers for early detection of the disease. © 2021, Semnan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Estimation of the hybrid lens parameters through rigid gas permeable lens fitting

Purpose To estimate the fitting parameters of the hybrid contact lens in patients with corneal ectasia using the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens. Methods Thirty-four eyes with corneal ectasia were evaluated in this study. The patients were examined once with the RGP lens and once with the hybrid contact lens. The relationship between the base curvature of the RGP and the vault of the hybrid lens and the correlation between their powers were analyzed. Results We found a linear relationship between the base curvature of the RGP lens and the vault of the hybrid lens (P < 0.001) (R2 = 0.45). Moreover, we found a correlation between the power of the RGP and hybrid lens (P < 0.001) (R2 = 0.4). However, a 0.5 mm decrease in the base curvature radius of the RGP lens increased the vault of the hybrid lens by 72 μ. Conclusion The results of this study could be used for better and faster selection of the first hybrid contact lens. © 2016 Iranian Society of Ophthalmolog

Estimation of the hybrid lens parameters through rigid gas permeable lens fitting

Purpose To estimate the fitting parameters of the hybrid contact lens in patients with corneal ectasia using the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens. Methods Thirty-four eyes with corneal ectasia were evaluated in this study. The patients were examined once with the RGP lens and once with the hybrid contact lens. The relationship between the base curvature of the RGP and the vault of the hybrid lens and the correlation between their powers were analyzed. Results We found a linear relationship between the base curvature of the RGP lens and the vault of the hybrid lens (P < 0.001) (R2 = 0.45). Moreover, we found a correlation between the power of the RGP and hybrid lens (P < 0.001) (R2 = 0.4). However, a 0.5 mm decrease in the base curvature radius of the RGP lens increased the vault of the hybrid lens by 72 μ. Conclusion The results of this study could be used for better and faster selection of the first hybrid contact lens. © 2016 Iranian Society of Ophthalmolog

The clinical significance of fixation disparity in binocular vision

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX86062 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Can OCT pachymetry identify keratoconus suspects?

Purpose: Comparing the optical coherence tomography (OCT) pachymetry patterns in keratoconus suspect and normal people Methods: Thirty-two keratoconus suspects and 36 healthy eyes were selected within the age range of 20-30 yrs. Their pachymetry pattern was obtained through OCT Visante in the minimum thickness spot, upper and lower corneal difference (I-S), lower temporal, and upper nasal thickness (IT-SN), withdrawal or non-withdrawal of the minimum thickness area of cornea from 0-2 central zone using the output map. Results: In all measured parameters a significant difference was observed between the two groups (p<0.0001). The Keratoconus suspects had a thinner cornea and showed more changes in corneal thickness than the normal group. Conclusion: It seems that an OCT system of anterior segment can be utilized to assess patients prior to refractive surgery or Keratoconus screening, along with equipments such as Pentacam, and Orbscan. © 2014 by the Iranian Society of Ophthalmology

The prevalence of visual problems in school children, Shiraz, Iran

Background & Objective: Refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism) could lead to an impaired quality of life affect a large proportion of the population worldwide, irrespective of age, sex and ethnic group. Such refractive errors can be easily diagnosed, measured and corrected with spectacles or other refractive corrections to attain normal vision. Since there is paucity of information in school children in Iran we aimed to investigate the distribution pattern of refractive status and prevalence of refractive errors in school-age children in Shiraz Methods: A random sampling strategy in geographically defined clusters was used to identify children aged 6-15 years in Shiraz between 2008-2209. We carried out a school survey and actual eye examinations, including visual acuity measurements, stereopsis examination, anterior segment and eyeball movements, fundus examinations, and cycloplegic retinoscopy with 1 cyclopentolate. Results: Of 3065 selected individuals, 2683 were participated in the study (response rate 86.6). According to cycloplegic refraction, 4.85 (95 (Cl), 3.52 to 6.16) of the primary and middle school students were myopic and 4.64 (95 Cl, 3.52 to 6.19) were hyperopic. For high school students, these rates were 22.19 and 11.4 respectively. Myopia and hyperopia were shown to be correlated with age. Prevalence of anisometropia, amblyopia and strabismus were 2.51, 2.31(95CI 1.51-3.11) and 1.83 (95CI 1.15-2.50). Conclusion: Compared to other published reports, the rate of myopia in the school children of Shiraz seems relatively high