The men as victims of domestic violence, and the role of demographic variables: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of spouse abuse against men and the demographic variables affecting it in Savojbolagh County, Iran.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study on all married men living in Savojbolagh County. The study population consisted of men employed in rural and urban healthcare centers as well as governmental and private companies in this province; 292 participants completed the demographic form and Man Abuse Questionnaire. This questionnaire assesses the different forms of abuse such as emotional, physical, sexual, neglect, and verbal abuse. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation method in SPSS Software.RESULTS: The majority of victims had experienced minor abuse (11.6%) including emotional abuse (15.8%), verbal abuse (13.7%), active aggression and sexual abuse (10.3%), and passive aggression and domination (9.2%). Moreover, 6.2% of the participants had experienced medium rate of abuse including passive aggression (8.6%), active aggression and sexual abuse (7.2%), domination (5.5%), verbal abuse (3.8%), and emotional abuse (3.1%). The remaining 1% had experienced severe abuse the most common forms of which were verbal abuse and domination (1.4%) and emotional abuse (1.0%). The highest frequency of spouse abuse occurred in the first 5 years of marriage among laborers. Moreover, there is a reverse relationship between increasing age of men, marriage duration, and education level and man abuse. However, man abuse had a positive relationship with low income.CONCLUSION: The most prevalent form of violence by women against men in Iran included emotional abuse, verbal abuse, behavioral aggression, and sexual abuse with a severity rate of low to medium. Higher age of men, higher education level, longer marriage duration, sufficient income, and suitable age gap were factors that prevented women’s violence against men

Comparing the effects of upper limb and breathing exercises on six-minute walking distance among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a three-group randomized controlled clinical trial

Introduction: Physical exercise can improve patient outcomes and reduce hospitalization and mortality rates among subjectswith chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study aimed to compare the effects of upper limb and breathing exercises onsix-minute walking distance among these patients. Material and methods: This three-group randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 2017–2018 in Velayat hospital,Qazvin, Iran. Seventy-five patients were purposively selected from the outpatient lung clinic of the hospital and randomly allocatedto either the 25-patient groups of upper limb exercise, breathing exercise, or control. The patients in the first group wereperforming upper limb exercises thrice weekly for one month in the study setting. Their counterparts in the second group weredoing pursed-lip and diaphragmatic breathing exercises four times daily for one month at their homes. However, the patients inthe control group received no exercise intervention. Six-minute walk test was performed by each participant both before andafter the study intervention. The SPSS for Windows program (v. 23.0) was used to analyze the data via the Chi-square test, thepaired-sample t test, and the one-way analysis of variance. Results: Before the intervention, the groups did not significantly differ from each other respecting six-minute walking distance.During the study, walking distance in the control group did not change significantly, while it remarkably increased in both the upperlimb exercise and the breathing exercise groups (p < 0.05). After the intervention, walking distance in the upper limb exercisegroup was significantly greater than the breathing exercise group (p < 0.05) and the control group (p < 0.05); however, thedifference between the breathing exercise and the control groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Upper limb exercise is more effective than breathing exercise in increasing walking distance among patients withchronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, upper limb exercise can be used as a safe, simple, and inexpensive rehabilitationtechnique for these patients

The effects of using the Persian weaning tool on mechanical ventilation outcomes among patients with head trauma: A clinical trial

Background: Patients with head trauma need mechanical ventilation in order to protect airway and prevent complications. However, due to the lack of well-developed weaning protocols, weaning failure rate among them is high and hence, they may need mechanical ventilation and stay in hospital for long time, resulting in heavy costs on healthcare systems and high risk of death. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of using the Persian weaning tool on patient outcomes among patients with head trauma under mechanical ventilation. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in 2018 on sixty patients with head trauma who were receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit of Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Qazvin, Iran. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention and a control group. Weaning from mechanical ventilation in these groups was performed using the Persian Weaning Tool and routine physiciandirected method, respectively. Groups were compared with each other concerning weaning outcomes through the Mann-Whitney U and the chi-square tests conducted using the SPSS software (version 23.0). Results: Weaning success rate in the intervention group was significantly greater than the control group (83.3% vs. 56.6%; P = 0.024) and the length of hospital stay in the intervention group was significantly shorter than the control group (19.9 vs. 28.9 days; P = 0.05). However, there were no significant between-group differences concerning extubation success rate (80.0% vs. 63.3%; P = 0.252) and mechanical ventilation duration (7.5 vs. 8.7 days; P = 0.3). Conclusions: The use of the Persian Weaning tool is effective in increasing weaning success rate and shortening hospital stay but has no significant effects on extubation success rate and mechanical ventilation duration. Specific weaning assessment tools and protocols need to be developed for patients with neurologic conditions. Keywords: Head Trauma, Brain Injury, Mechanical Ventilation, Weaning, Intensive Care Uni

The relationship between fear of hypoglycemia and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes

Introduction: Fear of hypoglycemia is one of the biggest obstacles to achieving proper blood glucose control in diabetic patients, adversely affecting the proper treatment of diabetes and quality of life in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fear of hypoglycemia and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive analytic-correlational study, conducted in 2018 on 360 patients with 2 diabetes referreing to the Velayat teaching hospital in Ghazvin. Data collection tools included a personal-social checklist, the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS) and information on Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL). Data collected were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation test statistics by SPSS.24 software. Results: Mean scores of quality of life and fear of hypoglycemia were 44.3±8.6 and 22.07±8.7 respectively. The highest quality of life score for patients in the pill treatment group was 46.4±7.8, and the highest scores of hypoglycemia were in the insulin treatment group with a mean of 26.1±10.5. In this study, there was a significant, inverse relationship between fear of hypoglycemia and quality of life (r=-0.46, p<0.001). Conclusion: Results show a significant, inverse relationship between fear of hypoglycemia and quality of life in diabetic patients, such that the occurrence of this fear is higher in patients treated with insulin. Based on results, it is recommended that these patients should be educated on the action of insulin and its mode of injection, and on how to prioritize and manage their activities

Relationship between Fear of Hypoglycemia and Spiritual Well-Being in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Single Center, Cross-Sectional Study from Iran

Objective: One of the most important complications in patients with type 2 diabetes is the fear of hypoglycemia (FOH). Spiritual health as the last dimension of health can affect the complications caused by the disease. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between FOH and spiritual well-being (SWB) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study of correlation type. 380 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the study with convenience sampling. Two questionnaires of FOH (HSF-II) and Palutzian &amp; Ellison SWB were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using R software version 4.0.4. In the analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and simple and multivariable linear regression were used. Results: A total of 380 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. The mean and standard deviation of the age and diabetes duration of participants were 56.89 ± 11.42 and 11.7 ± 15.55 years, respectively. Most of the participants were women 244 (64.2%). The mean score of SWB and FOH in patients were 89.55 ± 14.32 and 13.34 ± 16.12, respectively. There was also a positive and significant relationship between SWB and FOH using Pearson correlation coefficient (p = 0.001). Conclusions: According to the results, with increasing the score of FOH, the score of SWB also increased. Although increasing SWB has no effect on reducing the FOH, it is a unique energy that relates to the physical, mental, and social dimensions of humans

Cooperative Gating of a K+ Channel by Unmodified Biological Anionic Lipids Viewed by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy.

Lipids adhere to membrane proteins to stimulate or suppress molecular and ionic transport and signal transduction. Yet, the molecular details of lipid-protein interaction and their functional impact are poorly characterized. Here we combine NMR, coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD), and functional assays to reveal classic cooperativity in the binding and subsequent activation of a bacterial inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channel by phosphatidylglycerol (PG), a common component of many membranes. Past studies of lipid activation of Kir channels focused primarily on phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, a relatively rare signaling lipid that is tightly regulated in space and time. We use solid-state NMR to quantify the binding of unmodified 13C-PG to the K + channel KirBac1.1 in liposomes. This specific lipid-protein interaction has a dissociation constant ( K d) of ∼7 mol percentage PG (Χ PG) with positive cooperativity ( n = 3.8) and approaches saturation near 20% Χ PG. Liposomal flux assays show that K + flux also increases with PG in a cooperative manner with an EC 50 of ∼20% Χ PG, within the physiological range. Further quantitative fitting of these data reveals that PG acts as a partial (80%) agonist with fivefold K + flux amplification. Comparisons of NMR chemical shift perturbation and CGMD simulations at different Χ PG confirm the direct interaction of PG with key residues, several of which would not be accessible to lipid headgroups in the closed state of the channel. Allosteric regulation by a common lipid is directly relevant to the activation mechanisms of several human ion channels. This study highlights the role of concentration-dependent lipid-protein interactions and tightly controlled protein allostery in the activation and regulation of ion channels

Assessment the Relationship Between Phosphorus and Magnesium, Serum Level With Clinical Outcome in Head Trauma Patients

Background Traumatic brain injury is the second leading cause of death in Iran. Having knowledge of the factors affecting the clinical outcomes of these patients can improve the therapeutic outcomes. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) serum levels during admission with clinical outcomes of patients with head trauma. Methods This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in the intensive care unit of Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Qazvin, Iran from March to August 2018. Participants were 70 patients with head trauma under mechanical ventilation who had inclusion criteria. They were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Based on admission P level, patients were divided into two groups of hypophosphatemia (P> 3 mg/dL) and normophosphatemia (P≥3 mg/dL); and based on admission Mg level, they were assigned into two groups of hypomagnesemia (Mg <1.5 mg/dL) and normomagnesemia (Mg ≥1.5 mg/dL). Hypomagnesemia group was compared with normomagnesemia group, and hypophosphatemia group with normophosphatemia group in terms of clinical outcomes. Findings There was a significant difference between two Mg groups in terms of successful weaning (P=0.03), mechanical ventilation duration (P=0.01), and death rate (P=0.03), but not in terms of endotracheal extubation and length of hospital stay (P>0.5). The difference between two P groups was significant only in terms of successful weaning (P=0.006). Conclusion Serum levels of phosphorus and magnesium affect the clinical outcomes of patients with head trauma

Factors Affecting Hypoglycemia Fear in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Background Diabetes mellitus has many complications; hypoglycemia is one of them that is associated with severe signs and symptoms such as anxiety, psychosocial problems, and poor metabolic control. Objective This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting hypoglycemia fear in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods The present descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 360 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Velayat Hospital in Qazvin City, Iran, in 2017. The eligible samples were recruited through a convenience sampling method. The data collection instruments were a demographic checklist and the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II scale. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive tests, t-test, oneway ANOVA, the Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. Findings The Mean±SD age of the patients was 58.5±14.3 years, and the majority of them were women (65.3%). The Mean±SD score of hypoglycemia fear was 22.07±8.6 which was significant in terms of gender (P=0.002), type of treatment (P<0.001), employment (P=0.05), and educational status (P=0.05). The results of single-variable regression showed that the type of treatment (P<0.001), long-term complications (P=0.002), and gender (P=0.002) were associated with hypoglycemia fear. Also, the results of simultaneous regression showed that the type of treatment was associated with hypoglycemia fear (P<0.001). Conclusion The results of this study showed that the type of treatment was the most effective factor in hypoglycemia fear. Using insulin to treat diabetes strongly affect the hypoglycemia fear; therefore, it is possible to reduce the hypoglycemia fear by appropriate patients’ instructions on how to inject and monitor insulin