Use of scanned detection in optical position encoders

Published versio

Acoustic energy transmission in cast iron pipelines

In this paper we propose acoustic power transfer as a method for the remote powering of pipeline sensor nodes. A theoretical framework of acoustic power propagation in the ceramic transducers and the metal structures is drawn, based on the Mason equivalent circuit. The effect of mounting on the electrical response of piezoelectric transducers is studied experimentally. Using two identical transducer structures, power transmission of 0.33 mW through a 1 m long, 118 mm diameter cast iron pipe, with 8 mm wall thickness is demonstrated, at 1 V received voltage amplitude. A near-linear relationship between input and output voltage is observed. These results show that it is possible to deliver significant power to sensor nodes through acoustic waves in solid structures. The proposed method may enable the implementation of acoustic - powered wireless sensor nodes for structural and operation monitoring of pipeline infrastructure

A methodology for low-speed broadband rotational energy harvesting using piezoelectric transduction and frequency up-conversion

Energy harvesting from vibration for low-power electronics has been investigated intensively in recent years, but rotational energy harvesting is less investigated and still has some challenges. In this paper, a methodology for low-speed rotational energy harvesting using piezoelectric transduction and frequency up-conversion is analysed. The system consists of a piezoelectric cantilever beam with a tip magnet and a rotating magnet on a revolving host. The angular kinetic energy of the host is transferred to the vibration energy of the piezoelectric beam via magnetic coupling between the magnets. Frequency up-conversion is achieved by magnetic plucking, converting low frequency rotation into high frequency vibration of the piezoelectric beam. A distributed-parameter theoretical model is presented to analyse the electromechanical behaviour of the rotational energy harvester. Different configurations and design parameters were investigated to improve the output power of the device. Experimental studies were conducted to validate the theoretical estimation. The results illustrate that the proposed method is a feasible solution to collecting low-speed rotational energy from ambient hosts, such as vehicle tires, micro-turbines and wristwatches

Micromechanics for energy generation

The emergence and evolution of energy micro-generators during the last two decades has delivered a wealth of energy harvesting powering solutions, with the capability of exploiting a wide range of motion types, from impulse and low frequency irregular human motion, to broadband vibrations and ultrasonic waves. It has also created a wide background of engineering energy microsytems, including fabrication methods, system concepts and optimal functionality. This overview presents a simple description of the main transduction mechanisms employed, namely the piezoelectric, electrostatic, electromagnetic and triboelectric harvesting concepts. A separate discussion of the mechanical structures used as motion translators is presented, including the employment of a proof mass, cantilever beams, the role of resonance, unimorph structures and linear/rotational motion translators. At the mechanical-to-electrical interface, the concepts of impedance matching, pre-biasing and synchronised switching are summarised. The separate treatment of these three components of energy microgenerators allows the selection and combination of different operating concepts, their co-design towards overall system level optimisation, but also towards the generalisation of specific approaches, and the emergence of new functional concepts. Industrial adoption of energy micro-generators as autonomous power sources requires functionality beyond the narrow environmental conditions typically required by the current state-of-art. In this direction, the evolution of broadband electromechanical oscillators and the combination of environmental harvesting with power transfer operating schemes could unlock a widespread use of micro-generation in microsystems such as micro-sensors and micro-actuators

Control models of Switch Mode Maximum Power Point Tracking Interfaces for Energy Harvesting Devices

Published versio

Wireless Sensor Node Using a Rotational Energy Harvester with Adaptive Power Conversion

Published versio

Development of a fast-charging platform for buried sensors using high frequency IPT for agricultural applications

This paper describes the methodology and experimental results for wireless power delivery to a soil-sensors power and data distribution unit from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), using a high frequency inductive power transfer (HF-IPT) link. The configuration features, at the transmit side, a lightweight single-turn air-core coil driven by a 13.56 MHz Class EF inverter mounted on a Matrice 100 drone by DJI, and at the receive side, a two-turn PCB coil with a voltage-tipler Class D rectifier, an off-the-shelf 42 V battery charger and a supercapacitors module for energy storage. The experiments were conducted with a coil-to-coil gap of 250 mm, which corresponds to a coupling factor lower than 5%. In the experiments, a 10 F, 42 V supercapacitors module was charged in eleven minutes with an energy efficiency of 34% from the 80 V DC source that feeds the inverter on the drone to the supercapacitor-based energy storage unit in the sensor module. At higher power (50 W) the HF-IPT system was able to achieve a 68% DC-DC efficiency with a coupling factor of 3.5%. The work reported in this paper is part of a multiple-discipline project which looks to enable the optimal usage of water in agriculture with broader sensing techniques and more frequent sensing cycles