МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫЙ ПЕРСОНАЛИЗИРОВАННЫЙ ПОДХОД И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА ПРИ ВИЧИНФЕКЦИИ

There was made an attempt to link interdisciplinary research methodically, from clinical diagnostic techniques, modern instrumental, laboratory and basic research to their implementation in practice. The experience of several partner groups studying the brain in HIV infection was analyzed and summarized. It was based on an interdisciplinary approach, the goals and authorities of infectious disease specialists,  psychiatrists, neurologists, radiologists, laboratory doctors, clinical examination algorithm, the role of history and interview, express-diagnostic of cognitive functions, specialized psychiatric, neurological  diagnosis, conclusion of clinical psychologists, indications for radiology methods. The choice and analysis of radiological and instrumental methods, the volume and structure of laboratory methods of central nervous system study were justified. The role of molecular genetic studies of HIV in blood and cerebrospinal fluid, the identification of drug-resistant forms of the virus was determined when choosing the therapy.Сделана попытка методически связать междисциплинарные исследования, начиная с клинических диагностических приемов, современных инструментальных, лабораторных и фундаментальных исследований до их реализации в практике. Проанализирован и обобщен опыт нескольких партнерских коллективов по методологии изучения головного мозга при ВИЧ-инфекции. В основу легли междисциплинарный подход, задачи и полномочия инфекционистов, наркологов-психиатров, неврологов, радиологов, врачей лабораторной службы, алгоритм клинического обследования, роль анамнеза и опроса, экспресс-диагностики когнитивных функций, специализированный диагноз психиатрический, неврологический, заключение клинических психологов, показания для радиологических исследований. Обоснованы выбор и анализ радиологических и инструментальных методов оценки ЦНС, объем и структура лабораторных методов для оценки процессов в ЦНС. Определена роль молекулярно-генетических исследований ВИЧ в крови и спинномозговой жидкости, выявления фармакорезистентных форм вируса, учет при выборе терапии

EFFECT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN THE BRAIN ON THE FORMATION OF THE DISEASE CLINICAL PICTURE IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship of global and regional cerebral atrophy and volume of demyelination lesions in the brain with a clinical picture in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The study involved 55 patients with MS. Control group included 22 healthy volunteers. Patients were divided into groups according to the severity of disability, the type and duration of disease. Assessment of general and regional atrophy was performed by post-process volumetric segmentation of MRI data, which was acquired at 3T Philips Achieva scanner. The post-processing was done with the FreeSurfer software. It is shown that in MS patients brain atrophy develops both by means of gray matter (including the cortex and subcortical structures), and white matter, along with demyelination. Global and regional atrophy is associated with the severity of disability of patients according to EDSS scale, but not with the duration and type of the disease. Neurodegenerative changes of brain structures evolve with different rates, have different intensity and determine the set of symptoms of neurological impairment and severity of disability, which indicates the presence of certain patterns of the process of atrophy in the brain, forming the clinical picture of the disease