An Updated Meta-Analysis: Risk Conferred by Glutathione S-Transferases ( GSTM1

Purpose. To study the effects of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) polymorphisms on age-related cataract (ARC). Methods. After a systematic literature search, all relevant studies evaluating the association between GSTs polymorphisms and ARC were included. Results. Fifteen studies on GSTM1 and nine studies on GSTT1 were included in this meta-analysis. In the pooled analysis, a significant association between null genotype of GSTT1 and ARC was found (OR = 1.229, 95% CI = 1.057–1.429, and P=0.007). In subgroup analysis, the association between cortical cataract (CC) and GSTM1 null genotype was statistically significant (OR = 0.713, 95% CI = 0.598–0.850, and P<0.001). In addition, GSTM1 null genotype was significantly associated with ARC causing risk to individuals working indoors and not individuals working outdoors. The association between GSTT1 null genotype and risk of ARC was statistically significant in Asians (OR = 1.442, 95% CI = 1.137–1.830, and P=0.003) but not in Caucasians. Conclusions. GSTM1 positive genotype is associated with increased risk of CC and loses the protective role in persons who work outdoors. Considering the ethnic variation, GSTT1 null genotype is found to be associated with increased risk of ARC in Asians but not in Caucasians

Methyl 2-{[2,8-bis­(trifluoro­meth­yl)quinolin-4-yl]­oxy}acetate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C14H9F6NO3, mol­ecules are connected by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The best planes through the benzene and pyridyl rings make a dihedral angle of 1.59 (12)°

Observing white dwarf tidal stripping with TianQin gravitational wave observatory

Recently discovered regular X-ray bursts known as quasi-periodic eruptions have a proposed model that suggests a tidal stripping white dwarf inspiralling into the galaxy's central black hole on an eccentric orbit. According to this model, the interaction of the stripping white dwarf with the central black hole would emit gravitational wave signals as well, their detection can help explore the formation mechanism of quasi-periodic eruptions and facilitate multi-messenger observations. In this paper, we aim to perform a preliminary study of the gravitation wave observation of TianQin on this stripping white dwarf model. We investigated the horizon distance of TianQin on this type of gravitation wave signal and found it can be set to 200Mpc. We also find that those stripping white dwarf model sources with central black hole mass within $10^4\sim10^{5.5}M_\odot$ are more likely to be detected by TianQin. We assessed the parameter estimation precision of TianQin on those stripping white dwarf model sources. Our result shows that, even in the worst case, TianQin can determine the central black hole mass, the white dwarf mass, the central black hole spin, and the orbital initial eccentricity with a precision of $10^{-2}$. In the optimistic case, TianQin can determine the central black hole mass and the white dwarf mass with a precision of $10^{-7}$, determine the central black hole spin with a precision of $10^{-5}$, and determine the orbital initial eccentricity with a precision of $10^{-8}$. Moreover, TianQin can determine the luminosity distance with a precision of $10^{-1}$ and determine the sky localization with a precision of $10^{-2}\sim10$ $\rm deg^2$.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Effect of Substrate Concentration on the Synthesis of Cefaclor by Penicillin Acylase with in Situ Product Removal

Enzymatic synthesis of 3-chloro-7-D-(2-phenylglycinamide)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (cefaclor) by penicillin acylase (PA) was carried out with in situ product removal (ISPR) under kinetic control. The yield of cefaclor highly depended on substrate concentrations and the ratio of nucleus to acyl donor. Substrate concentrations were optimized as 50 mmol l–1 of 7-aminodesacetoxymethyl-3-chlorocephalosporanic acid (7ACCA) and 100 mmol l–1 of phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME) at the conditions: temperature 20 °C, pH 6.3; and enzyme load was 8 IU ml–1. It is effective to improve the transfer of acyl donor through controlling the substrate concentration with feeding acyl donor. The conversion of nucleus and acyl donor was improved to 93 % and 62 %, respectively

Seasonal variation in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: an ecological study In based on internet searches

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical autoimmune disease in which immune regulation is disrupted and characterized by intense inflammation and damage to multiple organs or systems. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is another systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovial joint inflammation that leads to disability and poor quality of life. Although the etiologies and pathogenesis of SLE and RA are not fully understood, it is generally accepted that they are both caused by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, emerging studies have demonstrated the potential role of seasonality in the development and disease activity of variety of autoimmune diseases [[1], [2], [3]]