Seed yields and biochemical compounds of common vetch (vicia sativa L.) lines grown in semi-arid regions of Turkey

Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is used for grain, hay or green manure in the semi-arid regions of Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the seed yields and biochemical compounds of seeds for common vetch lines grown under rain-fed conditions in semi-arid regions of Turkey. Four common vetch lines (845, 2640, 1448 and 384) were obtained from the international center for agricultural research in dry areas (ICARDA). Field experiments were designed according to randomized block design with three replications during 2004/05 and 2005/06. Seed yields, crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude fat (CF) and amino acid (aa) contents of common vetch lines were determined. Seed yields ranged from 1160 - 1459 kg.ha-1, CP content ranged from 24.94 - 27.86%, ADF content ranged from 5.81 - 8.45%, NDF ranged from 9.89 - 11.42% and CF content ranged from 1.16 - 3.23% based on the averages of the two years results.Key words: Common vetch, crude protein content, acid detergent fiber content, amino acid

Comparison of α, β and total ODAP (β-N-oxalyl-L-ά,β- diamino propionic acid) contents in winter- and springsown grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) genotypes

There is a strong relationship between the consumption of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) and “lathyrism” disease caused by a neurotoxin, β-N-oxalyl-L-a,β-diaminopropionoc acid called ODAP or BOAA. The objective of this study was to compare α, β and total ODAP found in grasspea genotypes sown in winter and spring seasons during 2007/08 and grown under rainy conditions in semi-arid regions of Turkey. Biochemical compounds of α, β and total ODAP were found to be higher in springsown grass peas than those of winter-sown ones. Grasspea 452, 508 and 519 genotypes had lower β- ODAP levels in winter- and spring-sown.Key words: Grasspea, α-ODAP, β-ODAP: 3-(-N-oxalyl)-L-2,3-diamino propionic acid

The First Republic of Azerbaijan: A State without a Nation

The process of forming modern nation-states is the nationalization of belief and consciousness through secularization. Azerbaijan has experienced modernity under Tsarist colonialism. Due to colonialism, the modernization process started without national policy. This article aims to shed light on the research related to the first Republic of Azerbaijan. In this respect, first, a theoretical background was formed, then modernization was addressed in the colonial context, focusing on the formation of modern secular belief in Azerbaijan. Moreover, Turkism was addressed as the basis for the formation of national/political consciousness. The study was built on the problem of why the republic was an incomplete state. The main point of the study is the problem of why the first Republic of Azerbaijan, being the first modern state, is not or cannot institutionally become a competent nation-state. Failure in the adoption of the constitution was used to support the hypothesis of noncompletion of national sovereignty’s construction

The First Republic of Azerbaijan: A State without a Nation

The process of forming modern nation-states is the nationalization of belief and consciousness through secularization. Azerbaijan has experienced modernity under Tsarist colonialism. Due to colonialism, the modernization process started without national policy. This article aims to shed light on the research related to the first Republic of Azerbaijan. In this respect, first, a theoretical background was formed, then modernization was addressed in the colonial context, focusing on the formation of modern secular belief in Azerbaijan. Moreover, Turkism was addressed as the basis for the formation of national/political consciousness. The study was built on the problem of why the republic was an incomplete state. The main point of the study is the problem of why the first Republic of Azerbaijan, being the first modern state, is not or cannot institutionally become a competent nation-state. Failure in the adoption of the constitution was used to support the hypothesis of non-completion of national sovereignty’s construction

Application of soil water assessment tool (SWAT) to suppress wildfire at Bayam Forest, Turkey

Authors would like to thank the Central Finance and Contracts Unit (CFCU) in TURKEY and the EU INTERREG IV "Black Sea Basin Joint Operational Programme 2007-2013" framework that funded this project. In addition. we would like the staff members of the Kastamonu Regional Directorate of Forestry. Yasar Cakiroglu, Muzaffer Buyukterzi and Hidayet Kavi for their generous help and support.Aim: Readily available water resources are a key for wildfire suppression. Hydrologic models are a practical and essential tool for understanding the processes of hydrology and managing water resources, but have not been utilized as frequently for wildfire suppression. The goal of the present study was to use the Soil WaterAssessment Tools (SWAT) model to determine whether the stream water could be managed sustainably in wildfire suppression at the Bayam Forest District in Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Methodology: As an input file, the SWAT model used soils, land-uses, weather data and morphology of watershed based on the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The model was applied for period 2001-2013 in order to predict the water budget of the study area and major streams within the studied district. Results: The analysis of the hydrologic water budget indicated that 70% (573.8 mm) of the annual precipitation (822 mm) was lost as evapotranspiration in the basin, whereas 19%, 34% and 47% of the remaining total water yield (234.6 mm) contributed to streams via surface runoff, groundwater flow and lateral flow, respectively. Interpretation: Overall, the result of SWAT model indicated to a certain degree promising findings on the availability of stream water and optimal placement of water reservoir for the use of wildfire suppression

Optimum Support Policy Component for the Development of Agricultural Production: Potato Producer

The present study aimed to determine the optimum policy component in an example of potato cultivation development based on the principle of the efficient use of scarce resources and maximizing the benefit of the producer. Agricultural support policies are commonly implemented by adopting a top-down approach. Regarding benefit maximization at the target group level, policies for agricultural products should be determined with a bottom-up approach. In this manner, in the present study, potato producers were determined to be the target group. Therefore, this study investigated the policy component that provides the highest benefit in line with the demands, expectations, and tendencies of the target group. The micro-data obtained from the potato-growing enterprises operating in provinces where potato cultivation was intensively carried out within the scope of Turkey constituted the research data. A face-to-face survey technique was used as the method for collecting the producer data. Simple descriptive statistics and one of the multivariate analysis techniques, conjoint analysis, were applied in the analysis and evaluation of the data. The optimum policy component setup was determined to be “Price and Payment Support: Above Market Price and 2 months term, Support Area and Amount: to production, 25.47 USD/da (23.04 EUR/da), time of announcement for the supports: pre-planting, and producer’s declaration: I do (I declare)” for the potato product. Accordingly, the necessity of a bottom-up approach in the planning and implementation of an agricultural support policy in Turkey is explained based on the results obtained. Therefore, it is considered necessary and beneficial to measure the level of producer benefits on the focus of applications that encourage potato production

Evaluation of some systemic inflammatory biomarkers in canine malignant mammary tumors

The aim of this study is to investigate whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) parameters could be used as biomarkers for canine malignant mammary tumors (MMTs), and the changes in these parameters according to different tumor (T), lymph node (N), and metastasis (M) stages (TNM I-II-III, TNM IV, TNM V) and the number of affected mammary glands (single, multiple). Thirty-seven with MMT and 20 healthy dogs were used in this study. Complete blood count and biochemistry analysis were performed in all dogs. Tumor material is removed by tru-cut and sent to the pathology laboratory for diagnosis. NLR, PLR, and SII values increased, and LMR and PNI values decreased in dogs with MMT. Median NLR values increased and median LMR and PNI values decreased as the TNM stage progressed. In dogs with a single MMT, median NLR, and PLR values were found to be lower than in dogs with multiple MMTs, and median LMR, SII, AGR, and PNI values were higher. The present results indicated that NLR, LMR, PLR, SII, and PNI parameters could be used as biomarkers for canine MMT. Also, NLR, LMR, PLR, SII, PNI, and AGR parameters may be valuable biomarkers that reveal the degree of systemic immune response according to different TNM stages and the number of affected mammary glands

Full-endoscopic removal of third ventricular colloid cysts: technique, results, and limitations

IntroductionColloid cysts (CCs) are rare benign lesions that usually arise from the roof of the third ventricle. They may present with obstructive hydrocephalus and cause sudden death. Treatment options include ventriculoperitoneal shunting, cyst aspiration, and cyst resection microscopically or endoscopically. This study aims to report and discuss the full-endoscopic technique for removing colloid cysts.Materials and methodsA 25°-angled neuroendoscope with an internal working channel diameter of 3.1 mm and a length of 122 mm is used. The authors described the technique of resecting a colloid cyst by a full-endoscopic procedure and evaluated the surgical, clinical, and radiological results.ResultsTwenty-one consecutive patients underwent an operation with a transfrontal full-endoscopic approach. The swiveling technique (grasping the cyst wall and rotational movements) was used for CC resection. Of these patients, 11 were female, and ten were male (mean age, 41 years). The most frequent initial symptom was a headache. The mean cyst diameter was 13.9 mm. Thirteen patients had hydrocephalus at admission, and one needed shunting after cyst resection. Seventeen patients (81%) underwent total resection; 3 (14%), subtotal resection; and 1 (5%), partial resection. There was no mortality; one patient had permanent hemiplegia, and one had meningitis. The mean follow-up period was 14 months.ConclusionEven though microscopic resection of cysts has been widely used as a gold standard, successful endoscopic removal has been described recently with lower complication rates. Applying angled endoscopy with different techniques is essential for total resection. Our study is the first case series to show the outcomes of the swiveling technique with low recurrence and complication rates

Adaptation Strategies for Personalized Gait Neuroprosthetics

Personalization of gait neuroprosthetics is paramount to ensure their efficacy for users, who experience severe limitations in mobility without an assistive device. Our goal is to develop assistive devices that collaborate with and are tailored to their users, while allowing them to use as much of their existing capabilities as possible. Currently, personalization of devices is challenging, and technological advances are required to achieve this goal. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of challenges and research directions regarding an interface with the peripheral nervous system, an interface with the central nervous system, and the requirements of interface computing architectures. The interface should be modular and adaptable, such that it can provide assistance where it is needed. Novel data processing technology should be developed to allow for real-time processing while accounting for signal variations in the human. Personalized biomechanical models and simulation techniques should be developed to predict assisted walking motions and interactions between the user and the device. Furthermore, the advantages of interfacing with both the brain and the spinal cord or the periphery should be further explored. Technological advances of interface computing architecture should focus on learning on the chip to achieve further personalization. Furthermore, energy consumption should be low to allow for longer use of the neuroprosthesis. In-memory processing combined with resistive random access memory is a promising technology for both. This paper discusses the aforementioned aspects to highlight new directions for future research in gait neuroprosthetics.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version