Delovanje ekstendera i krioprotektanata na motilitet spermatozoida potočne pastrmke (salmo trutta macrostigma) posle otapanja

Cilj ovog rada je identifikacija protokola zamrzavanja spermatozoida specifičnog za vrstu potočne pastrmke (Salmo trutta macrostigma) optimizacijom svih stadijuma tokom procedure krioprezervacije. U tom cilju su testirana dva različita ekstendera koji sadrže dva različita krioprotektanta. U prvom stadijumu eksperimenta određen je kvalitet sperme zrelih mužjaka. Uzorci koji su pokazali >80 pokretljivosti su sakupljeni zajedno i razblaženi sa dva različita ekstendera koji su sadržali različite udele DMSO i glicerola na nivoima 10 i 15 %. Razblažena sperma je pakovana u zapreminu od 0.5 ml i ostavljena 30 min na 4 ºC. Potom je izlagana 10 min pari tečnog azota i uronjena u tečni azot. Zatim je krioprezervisana sperma otapana u vodenom kupatilu na 30ºC za 20 s da bi se odredila pokretljivost (%) i dužina pokretljivosti posle otapanja. Uspeh zamrzavanja je procenjivan kroz motilitet sperme. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, pokretljivost zamrznute pa otopljene sperme je postignuta upotrebom glukoznog ekstendera sa 10 % glicerola od 40 %. S druge strane najbolje trajanje pokretljivosti od 42 s pokazali su uzorci sa Lahnsteiner ekstenderom koji je imao 10 % DMSO

Importance of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) for Controlling of Aquatic Vegetation

Aquatic plants are beneficial and a necessary part of lakes and reservoirs. Also, some kind of plants are the main food source for aquatic animals. Plants are able to stabilize sediments, improve water clarity and add diversity to the shallow areas of lakes. On the other hand, overgrown plants can become a nuisance by hindering human uses of water and threaten the structure and function of diverse native aquatic ecosystems. This chapter aims to make analysis of using of grass carp to control aquatic vegetation. In this concept, origin and distribution, biological features, reproduction, feeding behaviour and effects of grass carp on aquatic plants, water body and sediments are also discussed

Effect of Temperatures and Storage Periods on Fertilizing and Hatching of Short-Term Preserved Scaly Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Eggs

Preserved fish eggs can be used in many applications including artificial propagation and genetic studies. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different temperatures and storage periods on fertilization and hatching success of short-term preserved scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio) eggs. Eggs were kept in 4 ml ovarian fluid in 10-cm petri dishes that were stored in a refrigerator at 4°C, 8°C, or 12ºC for 30, 60, or 90 min. The stored eggs were fertilized by adding 200 µl milt to each petri dish. The highest fertilization (98%) and hatching (80%) rates were obtained with eggs stored for 30 min at 8ºC and 12ºC respectively, indicating that this combination was best for short-term preservation of scaly carp eggs

Effects of Different Plant Extracts on Post-Thaw some Spermatological Parameters of Cryopreserved Awassi Rams Spermatozoa

Several diluting–protecting media and different methods have been used for storage of ram semen in liquid and frozen state (Salamonand Maxwel, 2000). Addition of preservatives media for increasing storage of sperm are very important for successful artificial insemination in rams. This study was conducted on evaluate the effect of 3 plant extract. Ejaculates were collected using an electro-ejaculator twice a week during there productive season. After pooling, each pooled ejaculate was split into four equal aliquots and diluted with based Tris, Citric acid, Egg yolk, glicerol extender containing plant extracts (0.02% and % 0.04 Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) (Rosemary extract -oil-soluble)); Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) (0.5 mg/mL and 1 mg/ml) and St. John’s wort (Herba Hyperici) (0.5 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL) at a final concentration of approximately 2x108 motil spermatozoa per straw. These results indicate that that the addition of Echinaceaand Rosemary as antioxidants have more positive effects for Awassi rams on spermatological parameters

Rare Causes of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: Genetic and Clinical Characterization of a Large Nationwide Cohort

Context: Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a life-threatening condition that is often due to monogenic causes in children. Although congenital adrenal hyperplasia occurs commonly, several other important molecular causes have been reported, often with overlapping clinical and biochemical features. The relative prevalence of these conditions is not known, but making a specific diagnosis can have important implications for management. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the clinical and molecular genetic characteristics of a nationwide cohort of children with PAI of unknown etiology. Design: A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate clinical, biochemical, and imaging data. Genetic analysis was performed using Haloplex capture and next-generation sequencing. Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, adrenoleukodystrophy, autoimmune adrenal insufficiency, or obvious syndromic PAI were excluded. Setting: The study was conducted in 19 tertiary pediatric endocrinology clinics. Patients: Ninety-five children (48 females, aged 0-18 y, eight familial) with PAI of unknown etiology participated in the study. Results: A genetic diagnosis was obtained in 77 patients (81\%). The range of etiologies was as follows: MC2R (n = 25), NR0B1 (n = 12), STAR (n = 11), CYP11A1 (n = 9), MRAP (n = 9), NNT (n = 7), ABCD1 (n = 2), NR5A1 (n = 1), and AAAS (n = 1). Recurrent mutations occurred in several genes, such as c.560delT in MC2R, p.R451W in CYP11A1, and c. IVS3ds + 1delG in MRAP. Several important clinical and molecular insights emerged. Conclusion: This is the largest nationwide study of the molecular genetics of childhood PAI undertaken. Achieving a molecular diagnosis in more than 80\% of children has important translational impact for counseling families, presymptomatic diagnosis, personalized treatment (eg, mineralocorticoid replacement), predicting comorbidities (eg, neurological, puberty/fertility), and targeting clinical genetic testing in the future