21 research outputs found
Development and Performance of Kyoto's X-ray Astronomical SOI pixel (SOIPIX) sensor
We have been developing monolithic active pixel sensors, known as Kyoto's
X-ray SOIPIXs, based on the CMOS SOI (silicon-on-insulator) technology for
next-generation X-ray astronomy satellites. The event trigger output function
implemented in each pixel offers microsecond time resolution and enables
reduction of the non-X-ray background that dominates the high X-ray energy band
above 5--10 keV. A fully depleted SOI with a thick depletion layer and back
illumination offers wide band coverage of 0.3--40 keV. Here, we report recent
progress in the X-ray SOIPIX development. In this study, we achieved an energy
resolution of 300~eV (FWHM) at 6~keV and a read-out noise of 33~e- (rms) in the
frame readout mode, which allows us to clearly resolve Mn-K and
K. Moreover, we produced a fully depleted layer with a thickness of
. The event-driven readout mode has already been successfully
demonstrated.Comment: 7pages, 12figures, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation
2014, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. appears as Proc. SPIE 9147, Space Telescopes
and Instrumentation 2014: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ra
Long-Term Persistent GBV-B Infection and Development of a Chronic and Progressive Hepatitis C-Like Disease in Marmosets
It has been shown that infection of GB virus B (GBV-B), which is closely related to hepatitis C virus, develops acute self-resolving hepatitis in tamarins. In this study we sought to examine longitudinally the dynamics of viral and immunological status following GBV-B infection of marmosets and tamarins. Surprisingly, two of four marmosets but not tamarins experimentally challenged with GBV-B developed long-term chronic infection with fluctuated viremia, recurrent increase of alanine aminotransferase and plateaued titers of the antiviral antibodies, which was comparable to chronic hepatitis C in humans. Moreover, one of the chronically infected marmosets developed an acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis as revealed by biochemical, histological, and immunopathological analyses. Of note, periodical analyses of the viral genomes in these marmosets indicated frequent and selective non-synonymous mutations, suggesting efficient evasion of the virus from antiviral immune pressure. These results demonstrated for the first time that GBV-B could induce chronic hepatitis C-like disease in marmosets and that the outcome of the viral infection and disease progression may depend on the differences between species and individuals
Single Event Tolerance of X-ray SOI Pixel Sensors
We evaluate the single event tolerance of the X-ray silicon-on-insulator
(SOI) pixel sensor named XRPIX, developed for the future X-ray astronomical
satellite FORCE. In this work, we measure the cross-section of single event
upset (SEU) of the shift register on XRPIX by irradiating heavy ion beams with
linear energy transfer (LET) ranging from 0.022 MeV/(mg/cm2) to 68
MeV/(mg/cm2). From the SEU cross-section curve, the saturation cross-section
and threshold LET are successfully obtained to be and ,
respectively. Using these values, the SEU rate in orbit is estimated to be
0.1 event/year primarily due to the secondary particles induced by
cosmic-ray protons. This SEU rate of the shift register on XRPIX is negligible
in the FORCE orbit.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in JATI