Potential of Artificial Intelligence for Estimating Japanese Fetal Weights

We developed an artificial intelligence (AI) method for estimating fetal weights of Japanese fetuses based on the gestational weeks and the bi-parietal diameter, abdominal circumference, and femur length. The AI comprised of neural network architecture was trained by deep learning with a dataset that consists of ± 2 standard devia-tion (SD), ± 1.5SD, and ± 0SD categories of the approved standard values of ultrasonic measurements of the fetal weights of Japanese fetuses (Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine [JSUM] data). We investigated the residuals and compared 2 other regression formulae for estimating the fetal weights of Japanese fetuses by t-test and Bland-Altman analyses, respectively. The residuals of the AI for the test dataset that was 12.5% of the JSUM data were 6.4 ± 2.6, −3.8 ± 8.6, and −0.32 ± 6.3 (g) at −2SD, +2SD, and all categories, respectively. The residu-als of another AI method created with all of the JSUM data, of which 20% were randomized validation data, were −1.5 ± 9.4, −2.5 ± 7.3, and −1.1 ± 6.7 (g) for −2SD, +2SD, and all categories, respectively. The residuals of this AI were not different from zero, whereas those of the published formulae differed from zero. Though vali-dation is required, the AI demonstrated potential for generating fetal weights accurately, especially for extreme fetal weights

Formulae Based on Biomathematics to Estimate the Standard Value of Fetal Growth of Japanese

We devised biomathematics-based formulae to estimate the standard values of fetal growth of Japanese after 22 weeks' gestation. The growth rates of bi-parietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal body weight (EFBW) at the time of gestation were assumed to be proportional to the product of the value at the time and the rest value of an unknown maximum value, respectively. The EFBW was also assumed to follow a multiple logistic function of BPD, AC and FL to fit the standard values of Japanese fetuses published by the Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine. The Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical analysis. The values as a function of gestational day, t, were as follows: BPD(t)=99.6/(1+exp (2.725−0.01837＊t)) (mm); AC(t)=39.7/(1+exp (2.454−0.01379＊t)) (cm); FL(t)=79.6/(1+exp (2.851−0.01710＊t)) (mm); EFBW(t)=8045.1/(1+exp (6.028−0.06582＊BPD(t)−0.1469＊AC(t)+ 0.07377＊FL(t))) (g). EFBW as a function of BPD, AC and FL was as follows: EFBW=8045.1/(1+exp (4.747+ 0.02584＊BPD+0.1010＊AC−0.1416＊FL)) (g). When the BPD, AC and FL were at −2 standard deviation (SD), −1SD, mean and + 2SD, the EFBW values calculated by the formula were statistically closer to the standard values than conventional formulas with p-values of 4.871×10−7, 4.228×10−7, 9.777×10−7 and 0.028, respectively. The formulae based on biomathematics might be useful to estimate the fetal growth standard values

チイキ レンケイ ニヨル ショネンジ キョウイク プログラム ノ ジッセンテキ ケンキュウ : ガクセイ ニヨル チイキ プロモーションビデオ セイサク

This research aims to develop a new program for first year education with a view to cultivating students\u27 abilities to work in groups, to conduct case studies, and to analyze and present their findings in a creative way. In this program, each group was assigned a case study of an NPO in Himeji area. Five or six students work in a group and conduct research on the target organization. They interviewed NPO workers and participate in social activities to deepen their understanding of the organization. In the end, each group shared the result of the study through powerpoint presentations and short films. Survey was conducted to analyze the responses of both students and local NPO workers to this educational experiment. The survey shows that this program contributed developing students\u27 interests in social activities. NPO workers also evaluated this attempt positively as an approach to co-develop project-based learning that could offer merits both for students and NPOs