Ultrasonographic evaluation of postoperative complications after female synthetic sling surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis

Introdução: O uso de sling sintético de uretra média no tratamento da incontinência urinaria de esforço (IUE) feminina é estabelecido como padrão ouro desde o início do século, porém pode haver complicações e o exame ultrassonográfico pode ser utilizado para avaliar o efeito das telas de sling e suas complicações pós-operatórias. Existem algumas métricas ultrassonográficas descritas para avaliar estes fins. Nesta revisão sistemática, compilamos as principais métricas descritas para prever complicações menores ou maiores e tratá-las precocemente. Metodologia: Foram encontrados 3967 artigos nas plataformas Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo e Embase até abril de 2022, e 8 estudos observacionais foram incluídos na revisão, sendo 2 artigos selecionados para metanálise. O Newcastle-Ottawa scale foi utilizado para avaliar a qualidade metodológica. A população estudada foram pacientes operadas com sling, que desenvolveram algum tipo de sintoma e queixa no pós-operatório. Foram avaliados sintomas como dificuldade de esvaziamento, incontinência urinária de esforço persistente, sintomas de urgência miccional e infecção urinária. O modo de realização ultrassonográfica variou de translabial e transvaginal-introital e foram utilizados probes 2D, 3D e 4D para a formação das imagens em repouso e Valsalva. Foram descritos, em todos os estudos, a avaliação ultrassonográfica como meio de intervenção, e todas as medidas realizadas. Resultados: Dentre as métricas mais utilizadas para avaliação de complicações destacamos: 1) Medida da Distância da Faixa de Sling em relação ao Esfíncter Uretral Externo relacionado com sintomas obstrutivos; 2) O Formato da Faixa e sintomas obstrutivos; e 3) a Localização da Faixa em relação ao Comprimento Uretral Total e IUE persistente. Uma metanálise com 2 estudos foi realizada sugerindo que o formato da faixa curva \"em C\" no repouso está associado com sintomas obstrutivos, quando comparado com seu formato plano em repouso, OR 2.98 (IC 1.71; 5,17). Conclusão: As principais métricas ultrassonográficas relacionadas com complicações foram: a visualização e medida da faixa de sling junto ao complexo muscular do esfíncter uretral externo e o formato curvado \"em C\" da faixa em repouso; que sugestionam os sintomas de obstrução e retenção urinária - avaliação que pode ajudar na indicação de abordagem cirúrgica precoce.Introduction: The use of synthetic mid-urethral slings in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has been established as the gold standard since the beginning of the century. We can use ultrasound examination to evaluate the effect of sling mesh and its postoperative complications. There are descriptions of ultrasound metrics for use in sling screens. In this systematic review, we compiled the main metrics described to predict minor or major complications and treat them early. Methodology: 3967 articles were found on the PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo and Embase platforms until April 2022, and 8 observational studies were included in the review, with 2 articles selected for meta-analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess methodological quality. The population studied were patients treated with sling, who developed any type of symptom and complaint post-operatively. Symptoms such as difficulty emptying, persistent stress urinary incontinence, symptoms of urinary urgency and urinary infection were evaluated. The ultrasound method varied from translabial to transvaginal-introital and 2D, 3D and 4D probes were used to form images at rest and Valsalva. In all studies, ultrasound evaluation was the intervention, and all measurements were taken. Results: Among the most used metrics to evaluate complications, we highlight: 1) Distance of the Sling Tape in relation to the External Urethral Sphincter related to obstructive symptoms; 2) The Tape Shape and Obstructive Symptoms; and 3) the Tape Position in relation to Total Urethral Length and persistent SUI. A meta-analysis with 2 studies was carried out suggesting that the shape of the curved \"C\" tape at rest is associated with obstructive symptoms, when compared to its flat shape at rest, OR 2.98 (CI 1.71; 5.17). Conclusion: The main ultrasound metrics related to complications were: visualization and measurement of the sling tape within the external urethral sphincter muscle complex and the curved \"C\" shape of the tape at rest; that suggest symptoms of urinary obstruction and retention - an assessment that can help indicate an early surgical approach

Paracoccidioidomycosis in patients with Lymphoma and review of published literature

This paper describes four new cases of lymphomas, two Hodgkin lymphomas and two non-Hodgkin lymphomas in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. All had mycosis diagnosed before lymphomas with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis demonstrated in several lymph nodes, as seen in the disseminated form of the disease. When lymphoma was diagnosed, one patient was under regular paracoccidioidomycosis treatment and in clinic-serological remission for this disease, another was under regular treatment but with clinic-serological mycosis activity, one had abandoned paracoccidioidomycosis treatment 6 years earlier, and the other had not yet received any kind of antifungal drugs. Three patients received treatment for lymphomas with one remaining in remission until now, one achieving tumor remission which relapsed years later, and one having only residual lymphoma in bone marrow for a decade but clinically well. All three experienced paracoccidioidomycosis clinical remission, however, serology became negative just in one. Similar previously described cases were reviewed: five Hodgkin lymphomas, three non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and one described only as "lymphoma" without specifying type; a summary of their findings is presented. Finally, there is also a brief discussion on the possible pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the concomitance of these two disorders.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05-1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4-7 days or >= 8 days of 1.25 (1.04-1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11-1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care